The tanaidacean metapseudid subfamily Synapseudinae Gutu is reviewed, partially revised and the type species, Synapseudes minutus Miller, redescribed. As rediagnosed and defined here, the Synapseudinae is restricted to the genera Synapseudes Miller, Vicinisyndes Gutu, and Creefs Stepien & Blazewicz-Paszkowycz. The genera Curtipleon Bacescu and
Cryptapseudes Bacescu are excluded from this subfamily. Three new species, S. caleyi, S. singularis, and S. hansknechti are described, bringing the number of putative species within the genus to 26. An identification key and table of selected specific characters for the species of Synapseudes are provided. A new monotypic genus, Ronabus, which is placed within
the subfamily Metapseudinae Lang, is erected to receive Synapseudes idios Gardiner. The present taxonomic status of subfamilies within the Metapseudidae is briefly assessed.
