A systematic survey of the Polychaeta family Lumbrineridae along the continental shelf, estuaries, rocky shores and oceanic sandy beaches of the Brazilian southern and southeastern coasts (20°S - 33°S) is presented. Six species from 6 genera have been identified: Lysarete brasiliensis Kinberg, 1865, Arabelloneris janeirensis, new combination for Lumbrineris janeirensis (Augener, 1934), Lumbrineriopsis mucronata (Ehlers, 1908), Lumbrinerides gesae Orensanz, 1973, Ninoe brasiliensis Kinberg, 1865, and Paraninoe antarctica (Monro, 1931), a new record to the Brazilian coast. A key for the genera previously recorded in the southern Atlantic is provided, as well as redescriptions and diagnoses for the six species.