Register of Antarctic Species (RAS)

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WoRMS taxon details

Calanus Leach, 1816

Calanus finmarchicus, Calanus glacialis and Calanus hyperboreus

AphiaID

104152 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:104152)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Genus

Type taxon

Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) (type by original designation)

Parent

Calanidae Dana, 1846

Original name

Calanus Leach, 1816

Synonymised names

Cetochilus Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834 · unaccepted (synonym)

Daphinia Rafinesque, 1817 · unaccepted (synonym)

Diarthropus Brady, 1918 · unaccepted (synonym)

Direct children (108)

Ordering

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By status

Children Display

direct main ranks all

Species Calanus aculeatus Brady, 1918
Species Calanus agulhensis De Decker, Kaczmaruk & Marska, 1991
Species Calanus chilensis Brodsky, 1959
Species Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991
Species Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus glacialis Jaschnov, 1955
Species Calanus hyperboreus Krøyer, 1838
Species Calanus jashnovi Hulsemann, 1994
Species Calanus marshallae Frost, 1974
Species Calanus melitensis Pintar, 1988
Species Calanus placidus Dana, 1849-1852
Species Calanus propinquus Brady, 1883
Species Calanus ragusensis Pintar, 1988
Species Calanus simillimus Giesbrecht, 1902
Species Calanus sinicus Brodsky, 1965
Species Calanus torticornis (Brady, 1918)
Subgenus Calanus (Carinocalanus) Brodsky, 1972 accepted as Calanoides Brady, 1883 (synonym)
Species Calanus acutus Giesbrecht, 1902 accepted as Calanoides acutus (Giesbrecht, 1902)
Species Calanus amaenus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) (listed as synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893, previous spellings as amoenus)
Species Calanus americanus Herrick, 1887 accepted as Neocalanus gracilis (Dana, 1849-1852) (listed as probable synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893)
Species Calanus appressus Dana, 1853-1855 accepted as Cosmocalanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) represented as Cosmocalanus darwinii darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) (listed as probable synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893)
Species Calanus arcuicornis Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Clausocalanus arcuicornis (Dana, 1849-1852) represented as Clausocalanus arcuicornis arcuicornis (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus arietis Templeton, 1836 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus attenuatus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Eucalanus attenuatus (Dana, 1849-1852) accepted as Pareucalanus attenuatus (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus bellus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calanus vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus borealis Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus brevicornis Lubbock, 1856 accepted as Calanoides brevicornis (Lubbock, 1856)
Species Calanus carinatus Krøyer, 1849 accepted as Calanoides carinatus (Krøyer, 1849)
Species Calanus caroli Giesbrecht, 1888 accepted as Cosmocalanus caroli (Giesbrecht, 1888) (basionym)
Species Calanus clausii Brady, 1865 accepted as Pseudocalanus elongatus (Brady, 1865)
Species Calanus communis Dana, 1853-1855 accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) (listed as synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893)
Species Calanus cornutus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Rhincalanus cornutus (Dana, 1849-1852) represented as Rhincalanus cornutus cornutus (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus cristatus Krøyer, 1849 accepted as Neocalanus cristatus (Krøyer, 1848)
Species Calanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) accepted as Cosmocalanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) represented as Cosmocalanus darwinii darwinii (Lubbock, 1860)
Species Calanus dorsalis (Rafinesque, 1817) accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus elegans Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus elongatus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Eucalanus elongatus (Dana, 1849-1852) represented as Eucalanus elongatus elongatus (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus erythrochilus Leuckart, 1859 accepted as Eucalanus elongatus (Dana, 1849-1852) represented as Eucalanus elongatus elongatus (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus euchaeta Lubbock, 1857 accepted as Acartia longiremis (Lilljeborg, 1853) represented as Acartia (Acartiura) longiremis (Lilljeborg, 1853)
Species Calanus frontatus Dahl, 1894 accepted as Calanoides carinatus (Krøyer, 1849)
Species Calanus gracilis Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Neocalanus gracilis (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus latus Lubbock, 1856 accepted as Euchaeta pulchra Brady, 1883 accepted as Undeuchaeta plumosa (Lubbock, 1856)
Species Calanus lighti Bowman, 1955 accepted as Mesocalanus lighti (Bowman, 1955)
Species Calanus longiremis (Claus, 1863) accepted as Neocalanus gracilis (Dana, 1849-1852) (listed as synonym by Giesbrecht, 1893)
Species Calanus longus Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Metridia longa (Lubbock, 1854) represented as Metridia longa longa (Lubbock, 1854)
Species Calanus macrocarinatus Brodsky, 1972 accepted as Calanoides macrocarinatus (Brodsky, 1967) accepted as Calanoides brevicornis (Lubbock, 1856)
Species Calanus magnus Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Calanus hyperboreus Krøyer, 1838
Species Calanus mastigophorus Claus, 1863 accepted as Clausocalanus mastigophorus (Claus, 1863)
Species Calanus minor (Claus, 1863) accepted as Nannocalanus minor (Claus, 1863)
Species Calanus minutus Krøyer, 1845 accepted as Pseudocalanus minutus (Krøyer, 1845)
Species Calanus mirabilis Lubbock, 1856 accepted as Eucalanus attenuatus (Dana, 1849-1852) accepted as Pareucalanus attenuatus (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus mundus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) (Giesbrecht, 1893:89)
Species Calanus nataliensis (Brady, 1914) accepted as Calanoides natalensis (Brady, 1914) accepted as Calanoides natalis Brady, 1914 (misspelling)
Species Calanus orientalis Marukawa, 1908 accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) (believed to be a deformed specimen of U. vulgaris)
Species Calanus orientalis Jaschnov, 1974 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, preoccupied name Calanus orientalis Marukawa, 1908)
Species Calanus parvus Claus, 1863 accepted as Paracalanus parvus (Claus, 1863) represented as Paracalanus parvus parvus (Claus, 1863) (basionym)
Species Calanus patagoniensis (Brady, 1883) accepted as Calanoides patagoniensis Brady, 1883
Species Calanus pauper Giesbrecht, 1888 accepted as Canthocalanus pauper (Giesbrecht, 1888)
Species Calanus pavo Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calocalanus pavo (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus perspicax Dana, 1853-1855 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus plumchrus Marukawa, 1921 accepted as Neocalanus plumchrus (Marukawa, 1921)
Species Calanus plumosus Lubbock, 1854 accepted as Calanus hyperboreus Krøyer, 1838
Species Calanus plumulosus Claus, 1863 accepted as Calocalanus plumulosus (Claus, 1863)
Species Calanus ponticus Karavaev, 1894 accepted as Calanus euxinus Hulsemann, 1991 (homonymy - see Hulsemann, 1991)
Species Calanus ponticus Krichagin, 1873 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
Species Calanus princeps Brady, 1883 accepted as Elenacalanus princeps (Brady, 1883)
Species Calanus pygmaeus Claus, 1863 accepted as Paracalanus pygmaeus (Claus, 1863)
Species Calanus quinqueannulatus Krøyer in Gaimard, 1842-1845 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus ramosus Mori, 1929 accepted as Calanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) accepted as Cosmocalanus darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) represented as Cosmocalanus darwinii darwinii (Lubbock, 1860) (Mori, 1932 called it an abnormal C. darwinii)
Species Calanus recticornis Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770) (Giesbrecht, 1893:89)
Species Calanus robustior Giesbrecht, 1888 accepted as Neocalanus robustior (Giesbrecht, 1888)
Species Calanus rostrifrons Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Rhincalanus rostrifrons (Dana, 1849-1852) (placed in wrong genus name)
Species Calanus sanguineus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus scutellatus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Temora discaudata Giesbrecht, 1889
Species Calanus septentrionalis (Goodsir, 1843) accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus spitzbergensis Krøyer, 1843 accepted as Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus, 1770)
Species Calanus stylifer Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Temora stylifera (Dana, 1853-1855)
Species Calanus syunpuensis Kurasige, 1933 accepted as Calanus helgolandicus (Claus, 1863) represented as Calanus helgolandicus helgolandicus (Claus, 1863) (an immature of Calanus helgolandicus)
Species Calanus tenuicornis Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Mesocalanus tenuicornis (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus tonsus Brady, 1883 accepted as Neocalanus tonsus (Brady, 1883)
Species Calanus turbinatus Dana, 1849-1852 accepted as Temora turbinata (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus valgus Brady, 1883 accepted as Nannocalanus minor (Claus, 1863)
Species Calanus vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852) accepted as Undinula vulgaris (Dana, 1849-1852)
Species Calanus australis Brodsky, 1959 represented as Calanus australis australis Brodsky, 1959
Species Calanus helgolandicus (Claus, 1863) represented as Calanus helgolandicus helgolandicus (Claus, 1863)
Species Calanus pacificus Brodsky, 1948 represented as Calanus pacificus pacificus Brodsky, 1948
Species Calanus affinis Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, listed as of uncertain genus by Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898)
Species Calanus anglicus Lubbock, 1857 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, listed as of uncertain genus by Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898)
Species Calanus arcticus Lubbock, 1854 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, listed as of uncertain genus by Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898)
Species Calanus caudatus Krøyer, 1848 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
Species Calanus comptus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, listed as of uncertain genus by Giesbrecht & Schmeil, 1898)
Species Calanus crassus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
Species Calanus curtus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this is Temora sp.)
Species Calanus danai Lubbock, 1860 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this is Eucalanus sp.)
Species Calanus flavipes Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes thi doubtful)
Species Calanus fonsecai Oliveira, 1945 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
Species Calanus furcicaudus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus inauritus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus inconspicuus Lubbock, 1856 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus levis Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus magellanicus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus medius Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus nudus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus pellucidus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:329 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus penicillatus Lubbock, 1856 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Calanus rotundatus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:301 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus setuligerus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:301 believes this doubtful)
Species Calanus simplicicaudus Dana, 1849-1852 (uncertain > nomen dubium, Giesbrecht, 1893:301 believes this doubtful)

Environment

marine, ~~brackish~~, ~~fresh~~, ~~terrestrial~~

Original description

Leach, W.E. (1816). Annulosa. In Book Series: Encyclopedia Britannica, vol 1 of 5, supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions. 1(2): 401-453, pls. 20-26. (June1816)., available online at https://digital.nls.uk/encyclopaedia-britannica/archive/193057498 [details]

Taxonomic citation

Walter, T.C.; Boxshall, G. (2025). World of Copepods Database. Calanus Leach, 1816. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=104152 on 2025-07-02

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

Boxshall, Geoff

2008-08-06 13:32:15Z

changed

Walter, T. Chad

2015-04-13 18:46:02Z

changed

Walter, T. Chad

2015-09-29 10:46:35Z

changed

Walter, T. Chad

2020-11-02 17:31:24Z

changed

Walter, T. Chad

Licensing

The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

[taxonomic tree]

Nomenclature

original description Leach, W.E. (1816). Annulosa. In Book Series: Encyclopedia Britannica, vol 1 of 5, supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions. 1(2): 401-453, pls. 20-26. (June1816)., available online at https://digital.nls.uk/encyclopaedia-britannica/archive/193057498 [details]

original description (of Cetochilus Roussel de Vauzeme, 1834) Roussel de Vauzeme, A. (1834). Description de Cétochilus australis, nouveau genre de Crustacé branchiopode. [Description of Cetochilus australis, a new genus of branchiopod crustacean.]. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Série Zoologie et Biologie Animale, Paris. (2)1:333-338, pl. 9 figs. 1B-9B. [details]

original description (of Daphinia Rafinesque, 1817) Rafinesque, C.S. (1817). Synopsis of four new genera and ten new species of Crustacea, found in the United States. The American Monthly Magazine and Critical Review. 2: 41-44. [details]

original description (of Diarthropus Brady, 1918) Brady, G.S. (1918). Copepoda. Scientific Reports of the Australian Antarctic Expedition. (C)5(3):1-48, pls. 1-15. (v-1918). [details]

basis of record Boxshall, G. (2001). Copepoda (excl. Harpacticoida), in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 252-268 (look up in IMIS) [details]

Other

additional source Brodsky, K.A. (1972). Phylogeny of the fam. Calanidae (Copepoda) on the basis of comparative morphological analysis of its characters. Filogeniya semeistva Calanidae (Copepoda) na osnove sravnitel'no-morfologicheskogo analiza priznakov. In: Geograficheskaya i Sezonnaya Izmenchivost' Morskogo Planktona (Geographical and Seasonal Variability of Marine Planktonic Organisms.). Issledovaniya Fauny Morei (Explorations of the Fauna of the Seas). 12(20):5-110, figs. 1-123, tabs. 1-21. (Russian.). (1975 English translation 127 pp.). [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Brodsky, K.A. (1964). Rasprostranenie i nekotorye morfologicheskie osobennosti Antarkticheskikh vidov roda Calanus (Copepoda). [Distribution and some morphological features of the Antarctic species of the genus Calanus (Copepoda).]. In: Res. Biol. Issled. Sov. Antarkt. Ekped.(1955-1958 gg), 2, Moskva, Akad. Nauk SSSR, Zool. Inst. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei. 2(10):189-251, figs. 1-32, tabs. (Russian.). [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Brodsky, K.A. (1967). Tipy genitalii samki i geterogennost' roda Calanus (Copepoda). [Types of female genitalia and heterogenity in the genus Calanus (Copepoda).]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR. 176:222-225, figs. 1-2. (Russian, translation in:Dokl. (Proc.) Acad. Sci. USSS, Biol. Sci. Sect. [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Huntley, M.E. (1988). Feeding biology of Calanus: new perspective. In: Boxshall, G.A. & H.K. Schminke (eds.). Biology of Copepods. Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Copepoda. Developments in Hydrobiolology 47, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, Hydrobiologia. 47(167/168):83-99, figs. 1-5, tabs. 1-2. [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Mauchline, J. (1988). Taxonomic value of pore pattern in the integument of calanoid copepods (Crustacea). Journal of Zoology, London 214(4):697-749. [details] Available for editors

[request]

additional source Krøyer, H. (1848). Karcinologiste Bidrag (Forsaettelse). [Carcinologist Contributions (Continued)]. Naturhistorisk Tidsskrift Ser. II. 2(5): 527-560. [details]

additional source ICES Zooplankton: Copepoda. sheet n° 32. [details]