WoRMS taxon details
Bivalvia
Conchifera · unaccepted (synonym)
Lamellibranchiata · unaccepted (synonym)
Pelecypoda · unaccepted (synonym)
- Subclass Autobranchia
- Infraclass Cryptodonta †
- Subclass Protobranchia
- Subclass Palaeotaxodonta accepted as Nuculida
- Subclass Paleoheterodonta accepted as Palaeoheterodonta (Spelling variation)
- Subclass Bivalvia incertae sedis (temporary name)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 645 [details] Available for editors
[request]
page(s): 645 [details] Available for editors
[request]
Nomenclature This class of molluscs probably holds a record of alternative names which have been applied to it. Among these Pelecypoda...
Nomenclature The ordinal endings -ida and -oida have both been extensively employed in bivalve literature. We follow the suggested...
Nomenclature This class of molluscs probably holds a record of alternative names which have been applied to it. Among these Pelecypoda Goldfuss, 1820 and Lamellibranchiata de Blainville, 1816 have been quite extensively used in XXth century literature but Conchifera Lamarck, 1818 [not to be confused with Conchifera Gegenbaur, 1878, coined for a totally different concept of a taxon uniting all shelled molluscs except Polyplacophora] and Acephala Cuvier, 1795 also appear in the XIXth century literature.
Although "Bivalvia" is a valid name for the class and has gained general acceptance following the Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology (Cox in Moore, 1969), some would prefer "Pelecypoda", on the grounds that other animal groups exist with bivalved shells (e.g. Brachiopoda, Ostracoda and some Gastropoda), that some animals attributed to Bivalvia (e.g. Rostroconchia) have non-bivalved shells, and that the name is consonant with other molluscan classes. [details]
Although "Bivalvia" is a valid name for the class and has gained general acceptance following the Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology (Cox in Moore, 1969), some would prefer "Pelecypoda", on the grounds that other animal groups exist with bivalved shells (e.g. Brachiopoda, Ostracoda and some Gastropoda), that some animals attributed to Bivalvia (e.g. Rostroconchia) have non-bivalved shells, and that the name is consonant with other molluscan classes. [details]
Nomenclature The ordinal endings -ida and -oida have both been extensively employed in bivalve literature. We follow the suggested...
Nomenclature The ordinal endings -ida and -oida have both been extensively employed in bivalve literature. We follow the suggested standardisation to -ida as used in the bivalve classifications by Scarlato and Starobogatov (1979), Bieler et al. (2010, 2014) and Carter et al. (2011), among others. [details]
WoRMS (2025). Bivalvia. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=105 on 2025-07-15
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2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
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Nomenclature
original description
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 645 [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Pelecypoda) Goldfuss, G.A. (1820). Handbuch der Zoologie. In: Schubert, G.H. (ed.). Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen. Erste Abteilung 1-696, pls. 1-2; Zweite Abteilung: i-xxiv, 1-510, pls. 3-4., available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=x8ATAAAAYAAJ
page(s): 599 [details]
original description (of Lamellibranchiata) Blainville, H.M.D. de. (1816). Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal. [Prodrome of a new systematic distribution of the animal kingdom.]. <em>Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris.</em> 1816: 105-112 [sic for 113-120] +121-124., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4153426
page(s): 122 [details]
original description (of Conchifera) Lamarck, [J.-B. M.] de. (1818). <i>Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres</i>. Tome cinquième, 612 pp. Paris, Deterville/Verdière. , available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12886879
page(s): vol. 5 p. 411 [details]
page(s): 645 [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Pelecypoda) Goldfuss, G.A. (1820). Handbuch der Zoologie. In: Schubert, G.H. (ed.). Handbuch der Naturgeschichte, zum Gebrauch bei Vorlesungen. Erste Abteilung 1-696, pls. 1-2; Zweite Abteilung: i-xxiv, 1-510, pls. 3-4., available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=x8ATAAAAYAAJ
page(s): 599 [details]
original description (of Lamellibranchiata) Blainville, H.M.D. de. (1816). Prodrome d'une nouvelle distribution systématique du règne animal. [Prodrome of a new systematic distribution of the animal kingdom.]. <em>Bulletin des Sciences, par la Société Philomatique de Paris.</em> 1816: 105-112 [sic for 113-120] +121-124., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/4153426
page(s): 122 [details]
original description (of Conchifera) Lamarck, [J.-B. M.] de. (1818). <i>Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres</i>. Tome cinquième, 612 pp. Paris, Deterville/Verdière. , available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12886879
page(s): vol. 5 p. 411 [details]
Other
additional source
Taylor J. D., Kennedy W. J. & Hall A. (1973). The Shell Structure and Mineralogy of the Bivalvia. II. Lucinacea-Clavagellacea. Conclusions. <i>Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Zoology, London 22 (9)</i>: 253-294, pl. 15, available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26495507 [details]
additional source Bieler, R.; Mikkelsen, P. M. (2006). Bivalvia – a look at the Branches. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 148 (3): 223-235., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00255.x [details]
additional source Bieler, R.; Carter, J. G.; Coan, E. V. (2010). Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. <em>Malacologia.</em> 52(2): 1-184. [details]
additional source Cox, L. R. et al. (1969). Part N: Mollusca 6, Bivalvia. In: Moore, R.C. (Ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, 2 vol., 951 pp. [details]
additional source Bieler, R.; Mikkelsen, P. M.; Collins, T. M.; Glover, E. A.; González, V. L.; Graf, D. L.; Harper, E. M.; Healy, J.; Kawauchi, G. Y.; Sharma, P. P.; Staubach, S.; Strong, E. E.; Taylor, J. D.; Tëmkin, I.; Zardus, J. D.; Clark, S.; Guzmán, A.; McIntyre, E.; Sharp, P.; Giribet, G. (2014). Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life – an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 28(1): 32-115., available online at http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=IS13010 [details]
additional source Lemer, S.; Bieler, R.; Giribet, G. (2019). Resolving the relationships of clams and cockles: dense transcriptome sampling drastically improves the bivalve tree of life. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.</em> 286 (1896): 20182684., available online at https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2018.2684 [details]
additional source Bieler, R.; Mikkelsen, P. M. (2006). Bivalvia – a look at the Branches. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 148 (3): 223-235., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00255.x [details]
additional source Bieler, R.; Carter, J. G.; Coan, E. V. (2010). Classification of Bivalve families. Pp. 113-133, in: Bouchet P. & Rocroi J.-P. (2010), Nomenclator of Bivalve Families. <em>Malacologia.</em> 52(2): 1-184. [details]
additional source Cox, L. R. et al. (1969). Part N: Mollusca 6, Bivalvia. In: Moore, R.C. (Ed.) Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, 2 vol., 951 pp. [details]
additional source Bieler, R.; Mikkelsen, P. M.; Collins, T. M.; Glover, E. A.; González, V. L.; Graf, D. L.; Harper, E. M.; Healy, J.; Kawauchi, G. Y.; Sharma, P. P.; Staubach, S.; Strong, E. E.; Taylor, J. D.; Tëmkin, I.; Zardus, J. D.; Clark, S.; Guzmán, A.; McIntyre, E.; Sharp, P.; Giribet, G. (2014). Investigating the Bivalve Tree of Life – an exemplar-based approach combining molecular and novel morphological characters. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 28(1): 32-115., available online at http://www.publish.csiro.au/?paper=IS13010 [details]
additional source Lemer, S.; Bieler, R.; Giribet, G. (2019). Resolving the relationships of clams and cockles: dense transcriptome sampling drastically improves the bivalve tree of life. <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.</em> 286 (1896): 20182684., available online at https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2018.2684 [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Nomenclature This class of molluscs probably holds a record of alternative names which have been applied to it. Among these Pelecypoda Goldfuss, 1820 and Lamellibranchiata de Blainville, 1816 have been quite extensively used in XXth century literature but Conchifera Lamarck, 1818 [not to be confused with Conchifera Gegenbaur, 1878, coined for a totally different concept of a taxon uniting all shelled molluscs except Polyplacophora] and Acephala Cuvier, 1795 also appear in the XIXth century literature. Although "Bivalvia" is a valid name for the class and has gained general acceptance following the Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology (Cox in Moore, 1969), some would prefer "Pelecypoda", on the grounds that other animal groups exist with bivalved shells (e.g. Brachiopoda, Ostracoda and some Gastropoda), that some animals attributed to Bivalvia (e.g. Rostroconchia) have non-bivalved shells, and that the name is consonant with other molluscan classes. [details]
Nomenclature The ordinal endings -ida and -oida have both been extensively employed in bivalve literature. We follow the suggested standardisation to -ida as used in the bivalve classifications by Scarlato and Starobogatov (1979), Bieler et al. (2010, 2014) and Carter et al. (2011), among others. [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Dutch | tweekleppigen | [details] |
| English | bivalves and clamsbivalves | [details] |
| German | Muscheln | [details] |
| Japanese | 二枚貝綱 | [details] |
| Russian | двустворчатые моллюски | [details] |
| Swedish | musslor | [details] |
| Ukrainian | Двостулкові молюскиДвостулкові | [details] |
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Bivalvia)
To Genbank (from synonym Pelecypoda)
To Genbank (from synonym Lamellibranchiata)
To Genbank
To The Arctic Traits Database (4 traits)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 050093)
To ITIS
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Bivalvia)
To Genbank (from synonym Pelecypoda)
To Genbank (from synonym Lamellibranchiata)
To Genbank
To The Arctic Traits Database (4 traits)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 050093)
To ITIS
Unreviewed
Hosted externally
