WoRMS taxon details
Philomachus pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758)
159046 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:159046)
accepted
Species
Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758) · unaccepted
Machetes pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758) · unaccepted
Tringa pugnax Linnaeus, 1758 · unaccepted
marine, terrestrial
(of Tringa pugnax Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors 
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Description Length: male 28-31 cm, female 23-25 cm. Plumage: above dark brown with buffy-white edges to feathers giving scaly appearance;...
Distribution North America
Description Length: male 28-31 cm, female 23-25 cm. Plumage: above dark brown with buffy-white edges to feathers giving scaly appearance; below white with slight mottling on flanks; rump and uppertail coverts dark with light oval patch on each side seen in flight; spring male and breeding female brighter and more distinctively patterned; male with barred erectile ruff. Immature more buff than adult. Bare parts: iris brown; bill stout at base, dark brown tinged orange; feet and legs bright orange or pinkish. Habitat: estuaries and inland waters. Palearctic migrant. <389><391><393> [details]
Distribution North America
Distribution North America [details]
WoRMS (2025). Philomachus pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=159046 on 2025-04-19
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Nomenclature
original description
(of Tringa pugnax Linnaeus, 1758) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
[request]basis of record Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
Other
context source (HKRMS)
HKBWS. (2013). Hong Kong Bird Report 2011. <em>The Hong Kong Bird Watching Society.</em> [details]
context source (RAS) Australian Antarctic Data Centre. , available online at https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/biodiversity/ [details]
context source (Schelde) Maris, T., O. Beauchard, S. Van Damme, E. Van den Bergh, S. Wijnhoven & P. Meire. (2013). Referentiematrices en Ecotoopoppervlaktes Annex bij de Evaluatiemethodiek Schelde-estuarium Studie naar “Ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index”. [Reference matrices and Ecotope areas Annex to the Evaluation methodology Scheldt estuary Study on “Ecotope areas and intactness index”. <em>Monitor Taskforce Publication Series, 2013-01. NIOZ: Yerseke.</em> 35 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
context source (Bermuda) Amos, E. J. R. (1991). A Guide to The Birds of Bermuda. 206 pp [details]
additional source Banks, R.C., R.W. McDiarmid, and A.L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication No. 166. 79 p. [details]
additional source Robbins, C. S. (1983). Golden field Guide to Birds of North America. Golden press. 360p. [details]
additional source Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. <em>Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B.</em> 68: p. [details]
additional source Peterson, R.T.; Peterson, V.M. (2002). A field guide to the birds of eastern and central North America. <em>Fifth Edition.</em> Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York. 427 p. [details]
additional source Squires, H. J. (1990). Decapod Crustacea of the Atlantic coast of Canada. <em>Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> 221: 532 p., available online at http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library/116743.pdf [details]
additional source Urban, E. K.; Fry, C. H.; Keith, S. (1986). The Birds of Africa, Volume II. <em>Academic Press, London.</em> [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 431-554. [details]
additional source Gallardo, J. C.; Macías, V.; Velarde, E. (2009). Birds (Vertebrata: Aves) of the Gulf of Mexico. <em>In: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.</em> Pp. 1321–1342. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
context source (RAS) Australian Antarctic Data Centre. , available online at https://data.aad.gov.au/aadc/biodiversity/ [details]
context source (Schelde) Maris, T., O. Beauchard, S. Van Damme, E. Van den Bergh, S. Wijnhoven & P. Meire. (2013). Referentiematrices en Ecotoopoppervlaktes Annex bij de Evaluatiemethodiek Schelde-estuarium Studie naar “Ecotoopoppervlaktes en intactness index”. [Reference matrices and Ecotope areas Annex to the Evaluation methodology Scheldt estuary Study on “Ecotope areas and intactness index”. <em>Monitor Taskforce Publication Series, 2013-01. NIOZ: Yerseke.</em> 35 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
context source (Bermuda) Amos, E. J. R. (1991). A Guide to The Birds of Bermuda. 206 pp [details]
additional source Banks, R.C., R.W. McDiarmid, and A.L. Gardner. 1987. Checklist of vertebrates of the United States, the U.S. Territories, and Canada. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Resource Publication No. 166. 79 p. [details]
additional source Robbins, C. S. (1983). Golden field Guide to Birds of North America. Golden press. 360p. [details]
additional source Linkletter, L. E. (1977). A checklist of marine fauna and flora of the Bay of Fundy. <em>Huntsman Marine Laboratory, St. Andrews, N.B.</em> 68: p. [details]
additional source Peterson, R.T.; Peterson, V.M. (2002). A field guide to the birds of eastern and central North America. <em>Fifth Edition.</em> Peterson Field Guide Series. Houghton Mifflin Company. New York. 427 p. [details]
additional source Squires, H. J. (1990). Decapod Crustacea of the Atlantic coast of Canada. <em>Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.</em> 221: 532 p., available online at http://www.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/library/116743.pdf [details]
additional source Urban, E. K.; Fry, C. H.; Keith, S. (1986). The Birds of Africa, Volume II. <em>Academic Press, London.</em> [details]
additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. <em>Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France.</em> 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]
additional source King, C.M.; Roberts, C.D.; Bell, B.D.; Fordyce, R.E.; Nicoll, R.S.; Worthy, T.H.; Paulin, C.D.; Hitchmough, R.A.; Keyes, I.W.; Baker, A.N.; Stewart, A.L.; Hiller, N.; McDowall, R.M.; Holdaway, R.N.; McPhee, R.P.; Schwarzhans, W.W.; Tennyson, A.J.D.; Rust, S.; Macadie, I. (2009). Phylum Chordata: lancelets, fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 431-554. [details]
additional source Gallardo, J. C.; Macías, V.; Velarde, E. (2009). Birds (Vertebrata: Aves) of the Gulf of Mexico. <em>In: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. Biodiversity. Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas.</em> Pp. 1321–1342. [details]
additional source Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]
Present Present in aphia/obis/gbif/idigbio Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
Unreviewed
Description Length: male 28-31 cm, female 23-25 cm. Plumage: above dark brown with buffy-white edges to feathers giving scaly appearance; below white with slight mottling on flanks; rump and uppertail coverts dark with light oval patch on each side seen in flight; spring male and breeding female brighter and more distinctively patterned; male with barred erectile ruff. Immature more buff than adult. Bare parts: iris brown; bill stout at base, dark brown tinged orange; feet and legs bright orange or pinkish. Habitat: estuaries and inland waters. Palearctic migrant. <389><391><393> [details]Dimensions Length: male 12" (31 cm), female 10' (25 cm) [details]
Distribution North America [details]
Reproduction Breeds from France and Norway, across Russia, and much of Siberia. Winters from the British Isles, southern Europe, and Central Asia south to southern Africa, southern Asia, and the East Indies. [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Bulgarian | Бойник | [details] |
| Danish | brushane | [details] |
| Dutch | kemphaan | [details] |
| English | ruff | [details] |
| French | combattant varié | [details] |
| German | Kampfläufer | [details] |
| Hebrew | לוחם | [details] |
| Italian | combattente | [details] |
| Lithuanian | gaidukas | [details] |
| Modern Greek (1453-) | Μαχητής | [details] |
| Norwegian | brushane | [details] |
| Norwegian Bokmål | brushane | [details] |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | brushane | [details] |
| Polish | batalion | [details] |
| Romanian | Bătăuş | [details] |
| Russian | турухтанили петушок (устар.)или курухтанили драчун | [details] |
| Scottish Gaelic | rufachán | [details] |
| Slovenian | togotnik | [details] |
| Spanish | combatiente | [details] |
| Swedish | brushane | [details] |
| Turkish | dövüşken kuşdovusken kus | [details] |
| Ukrainian | Турухтанколоводник-брижачБрижач | [details] |
| Welsh | pibydd torchog | [details] |
To Barcode of Life (46 barcodes) (from synonym Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758))
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (255 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Calidris pugnax) (from synonym Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758))
To GenBank (122434 nucleotides; 31039 proteins) (from synonym Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758))
To GenBank (122434 nucleotides; 31039 proteins) (from synonym Tringa pugnax Linnaeus, 1758)
To GenBank (122434 nucleotides; 31039 proteins) (from synonym Machetes pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758))
To GenBank (122434 nucleotides; 31039 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern) (from synonym Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758))
To NMNH Extant Collection (Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes), USNM 557536, carpometacarpus, dorsal)
To PESI
To ITIS
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (255 publications)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Calidris pugnax) (from synonym Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758))
To GenBank (122434 nucleotides; 31039 proteins) (from synonym Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758))
To GenBank (122434 nucleotides; 31039 proteins) (from synonym Tringa pugnax Linnaeus, 1758)
To GenBank (122434 nucleotides; 31039 proteins) (from synonym Machetes pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758))
To GenBank (122434 nucleotides; 31039 proteins)
To IUCN Red List (Least Concern) (from synonym Calidris pugnax (Linnaeus, 1758))
To NMNH Extant Collection (Scolopacidae (Sandpipers, Snipes), USNM 557536, carpometacarpus, dorsal)
To PESI
To ITIS
