original description
Kofoid, C.A.; Swezy, O. (1921). The free-living unarmored Dinoflagellata. <em>Memoirs of the University of California.</em> 5: i-viii, 1-562., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/20306447 [details]
basis of record
Gómez, F. (2005). A list of free-living dinoflagellate species in the world's oceans. <em>Acta Bot. Croat.</em> 64(1): 129-212. [details]
additional source
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2024). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details]
additional source
Hansson, H. G. (1991-1997). South Scandinavian Marine Protoctista. , available online at http://www.tmbl.gu.se/libdb/taxon/neat_pdf/NEAT*Protista.pdf [details]
Present
Inaccurate
Introduced: alien
Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
LSID urn:lsid:algaebase.org:taxname:6307 [details]