original description
Norman, A. (1865). On the genera and species of British Echinodermata. Part1. Crinoidea, Ophiuroidea, Asteroidea. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History.</em> series 3, v.15, 98-129., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16004402 [details]
context source (PeRMS)
Solís-Marín, F. A.; Alvarado, J. J.; Abreu-Pérez, M.; Aguilera, O.; Alió, J.; Bacallado-Aránega, J. J.; Barraza, E.; Benavides-Serrato, M.; Benítez-Villalobos, F.; Betancourt-Fernández, L.; Borges, M.; Brandt, M.; Brogger, M. I.; Borrero-Pérez, G. H.; Buitrón-Sánchez, E.; Campos, L. S.; Cantera, J.; Clemente, S.; Cohen-Renjifo, M.; Coppard, S.; Costa-Lotufo, L. V.; del Valle-García, R.; Díaz, Y.; Díaz de Vivar, M. E.; Díaz-Martínez, J. P.; Durán-González, A.; Epherra, L.; Escolar, M.; Francisco, V.; Freire, C. A.; García-Arrarás, E.; Gil, D. G.; Guarderas, P.; Hadel, V. F.; Hearn, A.; Hernández, J. C.; Hernández-Delgado, E. A.; Herrera-Moreno, A.; Herrero-Pérezrul, M. D.; Hooker, Y.; Honey-Escandón, M. B. I.; Lodeiros, C.; Luzuriaga, M.; Manso, C. L. C.; Martín, A.; Martinez, M. I.; Martínez, S.; Moro-Abad; Mutschke, E.; Navarro, J. C.; Neira, R.; Noriega, N.; Palleiro-Nayar, J. S.; Pérez, A. F.; Pérez-Ruzafa, A.; Prieto-Rios, E.; Reyes, J.; Rodríguez, R.; Rubilar, T.; Sancho-Mejía, T.; Sangil, C.; Silva, J. R. M. C.; Sonnenholzner, J. I.; Ventura, C. R.; Tablado, A.; Tavares, Y.; Tiago, C. G.; Tuya, F.;Williams, S. M. (2013). Appendix. <em>In: J. J. Alvarado & F. A. Solís-Marín (eds), Echinoderm Research and Diversity in Latin America.</em> pp. 471-510. Springer; Berlin & Heidelberg. page(s): 543-654. [details]
basis of record
Clark, A. H., Clark, A. M. (1967). A monograph of the existing crinoids. <em>Bulletin of the United States National Museum.</em> (82): 1-860. [details]
additional source
Hess H, Messing CG (2011) Comatulida. In: Hess H, Messing CG, Ausich WI. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part T, Echinodermata 2 Revised, Crinoidea, vol. 3. University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, Kansas, pp. 70–146. [details]
additional source
Hansson, H. (2004). North East Atlantic Taxa (NEAT): Nematoda. Internet pdf Ed. Aug 1998., available online at http://www.tmbl.gu.se/libdb/taxon/taxa.html [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Hansson, H.G. (2001). Echinodermata, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i>. 50: pp. 336-351. (look up in IMIS) [details]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Description Centrodorsal cavity moderate to large; rosette not sunken below aboral surface of radial pentagon, its interradial extensions not forming "spoutlike" processes; no calcareous deposit (central plug) within radial pentagon or on rosette; muscular fossae on radial articular faces thin-walled, their faces parallel to oral/aboral axis, or nearly so; articular fossae distal to transverse ridge strongly excavated; brachials from second syzygy onward usually triangular or obliquely wedge-shaped; second brachial syzygy usually at 9+10; distal brachial syzygies evenly
and closely spaced; pinnules cylindrical or more or less flattened, never prismatic, and without aboral carination; first two segments of distal pinnules broadened; those beyond the third are elongate; radials 5 except in Promachocrinus, which has 10. (Modified from Clark and Clark, 1967). Molecular evidence indicates that this family is polyphyletic. [details]