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WoRMS taxon details

Philinidae J. E. Gray, 1850 (1815)

161  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:161)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Mollusca (Phylum)
  4. Gastropoda (Class)
  5. Heterobranchia (Subclass)
  6. Euthyneura (Infraclass)
  7. Tectipleura (Subterclass)
  8. Cephalaspidea (Order)
  9. Philinoidea (Superfamily)
  10. Philinidae (Family)
accepted
Family

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  1. Subfamily Hermaniinae Chaban, Ekimova, Schepetov, Kohnert, Schrödl & Chernyshev, 2019
    1. Genus Hermania Monterosato, 1884
      1. Species Hermania indistincta (Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013)
      2. Species Hermania infantilis Habe, 1950
      3. Species Hermania orca (Gosliner, 1988)
      4. Species Hermania rubrata (Gosliner, 1988)
      5. Species Hermania scabra (O. F. Müller, 1784)
    2. Genus Spiniphiline Gosliner, 1988
      1. Species Spiniphiline caboverdensis Malaquias, Ohnheiser, Oskars & Willassen, 2016
      2. Species Spiniphiline kensleyi Gosliner, 1988
      3. Species Spiniphiline persei Caballer & Ortea, 2015
      4. Species Spiniphiline richardsoni Swinnen, 2021
      5. Species Spiniphiline verbinneni Swinnen, 2021
  2. Subfamily Philininae J. E. Gray, 1850 (1815)
    1. Genus Globophiline Habe, 1958
      1. Species Globophiline huanghenensis G.-Y. Lin & Z.-J. You, 1995
      2. Species Globophiline kawamurai Habe, 1958
    2. Genus Philine Ascanius, 1772
      1. Species Philine abyssicola Á. Valdés, 2008
      2. Species Philine aethiopica Thiele, 1925
      3. Species Philine alboides Price, Gosliner & Á. Valdés, 2011
      4. Species Philine amabilis A. E. Verrill, 1880
      5. Species Philine angasi (Crosse, 1865)
      6. Species Philine angulata Jeffreys, 1867
      7. Species Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767)
        1. Subspecies Philine aperta guineensis Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1966 accepted as Philine guineensis Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1966 (original rank)
      8. Species Philine approximans Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1896
      9. Species Philine araneosa van der Linden, 1995
      10. Species Philine argentina Carcelles, 1947
      11. Species Philine auriformis Suter, 1909
      12. Species Philine azorica Bouchet, 1975
      13. Species Philine babai Á. Valdés, 2008
      14. Species Philine bakeri Dall, 1919
      15. Species Philine baxteri Á. Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016
      16. Species Philine beachportensis Verco, 1909
      17. Species Philine berghi E. A. Smith, 1910
        1. Variety Philine berghi var. subquadrata W. H. Turton, 1932 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
      18. Species Philine buchensis Caballer & Ortea, 2015
      19. Species Philine burrowsi Burn, 1961
      20. Species Philine caballeri Ortea, Espinosa & Moro, 2001
      21. Species Philine caledonica Risbec, 1951
      22. Species Philine candeana (A. d'Orbigny, 1841)
      23. Species Philine catena (Montagu, 1803)
        1. Variety Philine catena var. zona Jeffreys, 1867 accepted as Philine catena (Montagu, 1803) (synonym)
      24. Species Philine cerebralis Malaquias, Ohnheiser, Oskars & Willassen, 2016
      25. Species Philine columnaria Hedley & May, 1908
      26. Species Philine complanata R. B. Watson, 1897
      27. Species Philine constricta Murdoch & Suter, 1906
        1. Subspecies Philine constricta auriformis Suter, 1909 accepted as Philine auriformis Suter, 1909 (superseded combination)
      28. Species Philine cumingii (A. Adams, 1862)
      29. Species Philine dentiphallus Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014
      30. Species Philine elegans Bergh, 1905
      31. Species Philine exigua Challis, 1969
      32. Species Philine fenestra Price, Gosliner & Á. Valdés, 2011
      33. Species Philine gelida van der Linden, 1995
      34. Species Philine guineensis Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1966
      35. Species Philine habei Á. Valdés, 2008
      36. Species Philine harrisae Á. Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016
      37. Species Philine hemphilli Dall, 1919
      38. Species Philine infortunata Pilsbry, 1895
      39. Species Philine infundibulum Dall, 1889
      40. Species Philine intricata Monterosato, 1884
      41. Species Philine iris Tringali, 2001
      42. Species Philine kinglipini S. Tchang, 1934
      43. Species Philine kurodai Habe, 1946
      44. Species Philine lucida Dall, 1927
      45. Species Philine mcleani Á. Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016
      46. Species Philine mera Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969
      47. Species Philine monilifera Bouchet, 1975
      48. Species Philine monterosati Monterosato, 1874
      49. Species Philine multipapillata Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014
      50. Species Philine orientalis A. Adams, 1855
      51. Species Philine oscitans Hedley, 1907
      52. Species Philine otukai Habe, 1946
      53. Species Philine paucipapillata Price, Gosliner & Á. Valdés, 2011
      54. Species Philine pittmani Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014
      55. Species Philine planata Dall, 1889
      56. Species Philine polystrigma (Dall, 1908)
      57. Species Philine powelli Rudman, 1970
      58. Species Philine puka Price, Gosliner & Á. Valdés, 2011
      59. Species Philine punctata (J. Adams, 1800)
      60. Species Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
      61. Species Philine rubra Bergh, 1905
      62. Species Philine rugosula Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1896
      63. Species Philine sagra (A. d'Orbigny, 1841)
      64. Species Philine sarcophaga Price, Gosliner & Á. Valdés, 2011
      65. Species Philine scalpta A. Adams, 1862
      66. Species Philine schrammi Malaquias, Ohnheiser, Oskars & Willassen, 2016
      67. Species Philine sinuata W. Stimpson, 1850
      68. Species Philine striatula Monterosato, 1874
      69. Species Philine striolata A. Adams, 1862
      70. Species Philine talismani Sykes, 1905
      71. Species Philine teres Hedley, 1903
      72. Species Philine tincta A. E. Verrill, 1882
      73. Species Philine trapezia Hedley, 1902
      74. Species Philine vaillanti Issel, 1869
      75. Species Philine verdensis Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014
      76. Species Philine wareni Á. Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016
      77. Subgenus Philine (Hermania) Monterosato, 1884 accepted as Hermania Monterosato, 1884 (unaccepted > superseded rank)
        1. Subgenus Philine (Retusophiline) F. Nordsieck, 1972 accepted as Retusophiline F. Nordsieck, 1972 (original rank)
        2. Species Philine acuticauda Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014 accepted as Pseudophiline hayashii T. Habe, 1976 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        3. Species Philine alata Thiele, 1912 accepted as Antarctophiline alata (Thiele, 1912) (original combination)
        4. Species Philine alba Mattox, 1958 accepted as Philinorbis albus (Mattox, 1958) (original combination)
        5. Species Philine alternans van der Linden, 1995 accepted as Laona alternans (van der Linden, 1995) (original combination)
        6. Species Philine amoena Thiele, 1925 accepted as Antarctophiline alata (Thiele, 1912)
        7. Species Philine antarctica E. A. Smith, 1902 accepted as Waegelea antarctica (E. A. Smith, 1902) (original combination)
        8. Species Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) sensu Jeffreys, 1867 accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772 (misapplication)
          1. Variety Philine aperta var. patula Jeffreys, 1867 accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
        9. Species Philine apertissima de Folin, 1893 accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
        10. Species Philine apertissima E. A. Smith, 1902 accepted as Antarctophiline apertissima (E. A. Smith, 1902) (unaccepted > junior homonym, invalid: junior homonym of Philine apertissima de Folin, 1893)
        11. Species Philine argentata A. Gould, 1859 accepted as Philine orientalis A. Adams, 1855
        12. Species Philine californica Willett, 1944 accepted as Laona californica (Willett, 1944) (original combination)
        13. Species Philine calva van der Linden, 1995 accepted as Philine striatula Monterosato, 1874
        14. Species Philine capensis Bergh, 1907 accepted as Philine berghi E. A. Smith, 1910 (invalid: secondary junior homonym of Bullaea capensis Pfeiffer, 1840; Philine berghi E.A. Smith, 1910 is a replacement name)
        15. Species Philine catenata Locard, 1886 accepted as Philine catena (Montagu, 1803) (unjustified emendation)
        16. Species Philine chilla Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969 accepted as Laona chilla (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969) (original combination)
        17. Species Philine cingulata G. O. Sars, 1878 accepted as Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1859
        18. Species Philine condensa van der Linden, 1995 accepted as Laona condensa (van der Linden, 1995) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
        19. Species Philine confusa Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013 accepted as Laona confusa (Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013)
        20. Species Philine coreanica A. Adams, 1854 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
        21. Species Philine denticulata (J. Adams, 1800) accepted as Philinissima denticulata (J. Adams, 1800)
        22. Species Philine falklandica A. W. B. Powell, 1951 accepted as Antarctophiline falklandica (A. W. B. Powell, 1951) (original combination)
        23. Species Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1859 accepted as Praephiline finmarchica (M. Sars, 1859) (original combination)
        24. Species Philine flexuosa M. Sars, 1859 accepted as Laona pruinosa (W. Clark, 1827)
        25. Species Philine formosa W. Stimpson, 1850 accepted as Philine quadrata (S. V. Wood, 1839) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        26. Species Philine fragilis G. O. Sars, 1878 accepted as Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1859
        27. Species Philine frigida Knipowitsch, 1896 accepted as Philine lima (T. Brown, 1827)
        28. Species Philine gibba Strebel, 1908 accepted as Antarctophiline gibba (Strebel, 1908) (original combination)
        29. Species Philine gouldi Doello-Jurado, 1918 accepted as Antarctophiline gibba (Strebel, 1908)
        30. Species Philine grandioculi Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013 accepted as Laona grandioculi (Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013)
        31. Species Philine granulosa M. Sars, 1869 accepted as Philine pruinosa (W. Clark, 1827)
        32. Species Philine hearstorum Gonzales & Gosliner, 2014 accepted as Philinorbis teramachii Habe, 1950
        33. Species Philine indistincta Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013 accepted as Hermania indistincta (Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013) (original combination)
        34. Species Philine intermedia Knipowitsch, 1901 accepted as Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1859
        35. Species Philine japonica Lischke, 1872 accepted as Philine orientalis A. Adams, 1855
        36. Species Philine kawamurai (Habe, 1958) accepted as Globophiline kawamurai Habe, 1958
        37. Species Philine kerguelensis Thiele, 1925 accepted as Spiraphiline kerguelensis (Thiele, 1925) (original combination)
        38. Species Philine lima (T. Brown, 1827) accepted as Retusophiline lima (T. Brown, 1827)
        39. Species Philine loveni Malm, 1855 accepted as Philine scabra (O. F. Müller, 1784)
        40. Species Philine malaquiasi Á. Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016 accepted as Retusophiline malaquiasi (Á. Valdés, Cadien & Gosliner, 2016) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
        41. Species Philine membranacea Monterosato, 1880 accepted as Philine pruinosa (W. Clark, 1827)
        42. Species Philine milneedwardsi Locard, 1897 accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
        43. Species Philine monterosatoi Sykes, 1905 accepted as Philine monterosati Monterosato, 1874 (unaccepted > unjustified emendation)
        44. Species Philine multistriata (Brazier, 1877) accepted as Scaphander japonicus A. Adams, 1862
        45. Species Philine nitida Jeffreys, 1867 accepted as Philine denticulata (J. Adams, 1800)
        46. Species Philine orca Gosliner, 1988 accepted as Hermania orca (Gosliner, 1988) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
        47. Species Philine ornatissima Yokoyama, 1927 accepted as Yokoyamaia ornatissima (Yokoyama, 1927) (original combination)
        48. Species Philine ossiani Kobelt, 1896 accepted as Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1859
        49. Species Philine ossiansarsi Friele, 1877 accepted as Philine finmarchica M. Sars, 1859
        50. Species Philine planciana (Lamarck, 1801) accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        51. Species Philine polaris Aurivillius, 1887 accepted as Laona quadrata (S. V. Wood, 1839) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        52. Species Philine pruinosa (W. Clark, 1827) accepted as Laona pruinosa (W. Clark, 1827)
          1. Variety Philine pruinosa var. dilatata Jeffreys, 1867 accepted as Philine pruinosa (W. Clark, 1827) (synonym)
        53. Species Philine pusilla M. Sars, 1859 accepted as Philine punctata (J. Adams, 1800)
        54. Species Philine quadrata (S. V. Wood, 1839) accepted as Laona quadrata (S. V. Wood, 1839) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
          1. Variety Philine quadrata var. grandis Leche, 1878 (uncertain > unassessed)
        55. Species Philine retifera (Forbes, 1844) accepted as Philine vestita (R. A. Philippi, 1840)
        56. Species Philine rubrata Gosliner, 1988 accepted as Hermania rubrata (Gosliner, 1988) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
        57. Species Philine rugulosa [sic] accepted as Philine rugosula Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1896 (specific name misspelled)
        58. Species Philine scabra (O. F. Müller, 1784) accepted as Hermania scabra (O. F. Müller, 1784)
        59. Species Philine scutulum Lovén, 1846 accepted as Laona quadrata (S. V. Wood, 1839) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        60. Species Philine striatella Tapparone Canefri, 1874 accepted as Philine orientalis A. Adams, 1855
        61. Species Philine striatula Locard, 1897 accepted as Philine talismani Sykes, 1905 (junior homonym of Philine striatula Monterosato, 1874)
        62. Species Philine thurmanni Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969 accepted as Laona thurmanni (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969)
          1. Subspecies Philine thurmanni chilla Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969 accepted as Laona chilla (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969) (basionym)
          2. Subspecies Philine thurmanni thurmanni Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969 accepted as Laona thurmanni (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969) (original combination)
        63. Species Philine trachyostraca R. B. Watson, 1897 accepted as Philine retifera (Forbes, 1844) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        64. Species Philine umbilicata Murdoch & Suter, 1906 accepted as Diaphana umbilicata (Murdoch & Suter, 1906) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
        65. Species Philine velutinoides G. O. Sars, 1878 accepted as Philine ventricosa (Jeffreys, 1865)
        66. Species Philine ventricosa (Jeffreys, 1865) accepted as Laona ventricosa (Jeffreys, 1865)
        67. Species Philine vestita (R. A. Philippi, 1840) accepted as Laona vestita (R. A. Philippi, 1840) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
        68. Species Philine vitrea (M. Sars, 1870) sensu G. O. Sars, 1878 accepted as Philine infortunata Pilsbry, 1895 (invalid: junior homonym of Philine vitrea Gould, 1859; P. infortunata is a replacement name)
        69. Species Philine zangherii Coen, 1948 accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
        70. Species Philine acutangula A. Adams, 1862 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
        71. Species Philine crenata A. Adams, 1862 (uncertain, use in recent literature not researched by editor)
        72. Species Philine desmotis R. B. Watson, 1897 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
        73. Species Philine erythraea H. Adams, 1872 (uncertain > unassessed, use in recent literature not established by editor)
        74. Species Philine laevissima M. Sars, 1859 accepted as Philine confusa Ohnheiser & Malaquias, 2013 (uncertain > nomen dubium, dubious synonym)
        75. Species Philine minuta Thiele, 1925 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
        76. Species Philine sieboldii (A. Adams, 1862) (uncertain)
        77. Species Philine sykesii Melvill, 1904 (uncertain > unassessed, use in recent literature not established by editor)
        78. Species Philine truncatissima G. B. Sowerby II, 1870 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
        79. Species Philine vitrea Gould, 1859 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
      78. Genus Praephiline Chaban & Soldatenko, 2009
        1. Species Praephiline chilla (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969)
        2. Species Praephiline finmarchica (M. Sars, 1859)
        3. Species Praephiline thurmanni (Ev. Marcus & Er. Marcus, 1969)
      79. Genus Spiraphiline Moles, C. Ávila & Malaquias, 2019
        1. Species Spiraphiline bathyalis Moles, C. Ávila & Malaquias, 2019
        2. Species Spiraphiline hadalis Chaban, Ekimova, Schepetov, Kohnert, Schrödl & Chernyshev, 2019
        3. Species Spiraphiline kerguelensis (Thiele, 1925)
        4. Species Spiraphiline kurilokamchatica Chaban, Ekimova, Schepetov, Kohnert, Schrödl & Chernyshev, 2019
        5. Species Spiraphiline okhotensis Chaban, Ekimova, Schepetov, Kohnert, Schrödl & Chernyshev, 2019
      80. Genus Yokoyamaia T. Habe, 1950
        1. Species Yokoyamaia orientalis G.-Y. Lin, 1990
        2. Species Yokoyamaia ornatissima (Yokoyama, 1927)
        3. Subgenus Yokoyamaia (Choshiphiline) T. Habe, 1958 accepted as Philine Ascanius, 1772 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
          1. Species Yokoyamaia (Choshiphiline) orientalis G.-Y. Lin, 1990 accepted as Yokoyamaia orientalis G.-Y. Lin, 1990
      81. Genus Bullaea Lamarck, 1801 accepted as Philine Ascanius, 1772
        1. Species Bullaea alata Forbes, 1844 accepted as Philine punctata (J. Adams, 1800) (synonym)
        2. Species Bullaea angasi Crosse, 1865 accepted as Philine angasi (Crosse, 1865) (original combination)
        3. Species Bullaea angustata R. A. Philippi, 1836 accepted as Philine catena (Montagu, 1803)
        4. Species Bullaea candeana A. d'Orbigny, 1841 accepted as Philine candeana (A. d'Orbigny, 1841) (original combination)
        5. Species Bullaea capensis L. Pfeiffer, 1840 accepted as Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767)
        6. Species Bullaea catenata Thorpe, 1844 accepted as Philine catena (Montagu, 1803) (synonym)
        7. Species Bullaea catenulifera MacGillivray, 1843 accepted as Philine scabra (O. F. Müller, 1784)
        8. Species Bullaea catina [sic] accepted as Philine catena (Montagu, 1803) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
        9. Species Bullaea caurina W. H. Benson, 1842 accepted as Bullacta caurina (W. H. Benson, 1842)
        10. Species Bullaea exarata R. A. Philippi, 1849 accepted as Bullacta exarata (R. A. Philippi, 1849) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
        11. Species Bullaea granulosa M. Sars, 1835 accepted as Philine scabra (O. F. Müller, 1784)
        12. Species Bullaea guamensis Quoy & Gaimard, 1825 accepted as Micromelo guamensis (Quoy & Gaimard, 1825)
        13. Species Bullaea planciana Lamarck, 1801 accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
        14. Species Bullaea pruinosa W. Clark, 1827 accepted as Laona pruinosa (W. Clark, 1827) (original combination)
        15. Species Bullaea punctata Møller, 1842 accepted as Philine lima (T. Brown, 1827)
        16. Species Bullaea punctata (J. Adams, 1800) sensu R. A. Philippi, 1844 accepted as Philine catena (Montagu, 1803) (unaccepted > misapplication)
        17. Species Bullaea quadripartita (Ascanius, 1772) accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
        18. Species Bullaea schroeteri R. A. Philippi, 1844 accepted as Philine aperta (Linnaeus, 1767) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        19. Species Bullaea sculpta S. V. Wood, 1848 accepted as Philine catena (Montagu, 1803)
      82. Genus Bullea [sic] accepted as Bullaea Lamarck, 1801 (misspelling for Bullaea Lamarck, 1801)
        1. Species Bullea serradifalci Calcara, 1840 accepted as Lobiger serradifalci (Calcara, 1840)
      83. Genus Choshiphiline T. Habe, 1958 accepted as Philine Ascanius, 1772 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
      84. Genus Johania Monterosato, 1884 accepted as Philine Ascanius, 1772
        1. Species Johania retifera (Forbes, 1844) accepted as Philine vestita (R. A. Philippi, 1840)
      85. Genus Lobaria O. F. Müller, 1776 accepted as Philine Ascanius, 1772 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        1. Species Lobaria planciana Lamarck, 1801 accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
        2. Species Lobaria quadriloba O. F. Müller, 1776 accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
        3. Species Lobaria quadrilobata Gmelin, 1791 accepted as Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772
      86. Genus Philingwynia F. Nordsieck, 1972 accepted as Philine Ascanius, 1772
      87. Genus Phyline accepted as Philine Ascanius, 1772 (misspelling)
        1. Species Phyline erythraea H. Adams, 1872 accepted as Philine erythraea H. Adams, 1872 (misspelling of genus)
      88. Genus Woodbridgea S. S. Berry, 1953 accepted as Philine Ascanius, 1772 (doubtful synonym)
        1. Species Woodbridgea polystrigma (Dall, 1908) accepted as Philine polystrigma (Dall, 1908)
        2. Species Woodbridgea williamsi S. S. Berry, 1953 accepted as Philine hemphilli Dall, 1919 (doubtful synonym)
    marine, fresh, terrestrial
    Gray, J. E. (1850). [text]. In: Gray, M. E., <i>Figures of molluscous animals, selected from various authors</i>. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London. Vol. 4, iv + 219 pp. (August) [Frontispiece (portrait of Mrs. Gray); pp. ii–iv (preface); 1–62 (explanation of plates 1–312 in Volumes 1–3); pp. 63–124 (systematic arrangement of figures); 127–219 (reprint of Gray 1847). , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11632090 [details] OpenAccess publication
    Nomenclature Family names cited with two dates (the second one in parentheses) are those ruled by Article 40(2) of ICZN. "If ... a...  
    Nomenclature Family names cited with two dates (the second one in parentheses) are those ruled by Article 40(2) of ICZN. "If ... a family-group name was replaced before 1961 because of the synonymy of the type genus, the replacement name is to be maintained if it is in prevailing usage. A name maintained by virtue of this Article retains its own author [and date, the first date cited] but takes the priority of the replaced name [the date cited in parentheses, here alluding to Bullaeidae rafinesque, 1815] [details]
    MolluscaBase eds. (2025). MolluscaBase. Philinidae J. E. Gray, 1850 (1815). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=161 on 2025-04-08
    Date
    action
    by
    2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
    created
    db_admin
    2010-09-01 21:17:17Z
    changed
    Bouchet, Philippe
    2024-07-22 15:21:41Z
    changed
    Bouchet, Philippe
    2024-07-26 16:21:36Z
    changed
    Auffenberg, Kurt

    Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


    Nomenclature

    original description Gray, J. E. (1850). [text]. In: Gray, M. E., <i>Figures of molluscous animals, selected from various authors</i>. Longman, Brown, Green and Longmans, London. Vol. 4, iv + 219 pp. (August) [Frontispiece (portrait of Mrs. Gray); pp. ii–iv (preface); 1–62 (explanation of plates 1–312 in Volumes 1–3); pp. 63–124 (systematic arrangement of figures); 127–219 (reprint of Gray 1847). , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11632090 [details] OpenAccess publication

    basis of record Bouchet, P. & Rocroi, J.-P. (2005). Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. <em>Malacologia.</em> 47 (1-2): 1-397. [20 July]., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25127200 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

    Taxonomy

    status source Oskars T.R., Bouchet P. & Malaquias M.A. (2015). A new phylogeny of the Cephalaspidea (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) based on expanded taxon sampling and gene markers. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.</em> 89: 130-150., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2015.04.011 [details] 

    status source Moles J., Avila C. & Malaquias M.A.E. (2019). Unmasking Antarctic mollusc lineages: novel evidence from philinoid snails (Gastropoda: Cephalaspidea). <em>Cladistics.</em> 35(5): 487-513., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12364 [details] 

    		 
     Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
    From editor or global species database
    Nomenclature Family names cited with two dates (the second one in parentheses) are those ruled by Article 40(2) of ICZN. "If ... a family-group name was replaced before 1961 because of the synonymy of the type genus, the replacement name is to be maintained if it is in prevailing usage. A name maintained by virtue of this Article retains its own author [and date, the first date cited] but takes the priority of the replaced name [the date cited in parentheses, here alluding to Bullaeidae rafinesque, 1815] [details]
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    Japanese キセワタガイ科  [details]
    Swedish fläsksniglar  [details]
    To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) 
    To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Philinidae) 
    To Genbank 
    To image gallery of Natural History Museum Rotterdam 
    To The Arctic Traits Database (6 traits) 
    To ITIS
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