basis of recordWilson D.E. & Reeder D.A.M. (1993). Mammals species of the world. A taxonomic and geographic reference. Second edition. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, 1206 pp.[details]
additional sourceBerta, A.; Churchill, M. (2012). Pinniped taxonomy: review of currently recognized species and subspecies, and evidence used for their description. <em>Mammal Review.</em> 42(3), 207-234.[details]
additional sourceShirihai, H. (2002). A complete guide to Antarctic Wildlife: the Birds and Marine Mammals of the Antarctic Continent and the Southern Ocean. Alula Press FI 510 pp.[details]