Manuel, M.; Borojevic, R.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Vacelet, J. (2002 [2004]). Class Calcarea Bowerbank, 1864. Pp. 1103-1110. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & Van Soest, R.W.M. (eds). Systema Porifera - A guide to the classification of sponges. (2 volumes) Kluwer Academic/ Plenum, NY, 1708+xvliii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version).

404646

Manuel, M.; Borojevic, R.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Vacelet, J.

2002 [2004]

(2 volumes) Kluwer Academic/ Plenum, NY, 1708+xvliii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version)

Publication

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Calcarea Bowerbank (Porifera) includes sponges having a mineral skeleton composed entirely of calcium carbonate, consisting of free, rarely linked or cemented, di-, tri-, tetra- and/or polyactinal spicules, sometimes with a solid basal calcitic skeleton, and with blastula larvae and viviparous mode of reproduction. Two Recent subclasses are recognised, Calcinea and Calcaronea, containing five orders, 22 families and 75 valid genera, with species exclusively marine and distributed worldwide.

Systematics, Taxonomy

Porifera

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