The paper presents a comprehensive revision of the genus
Spiophanes (Polychaeta, Spionidae) based on type material. The identity of
Spiophanes kroyeri, the type species of the genus, is fixed by lectotype designation. Enhanced diagnoses with illustrations, notes on their distribution and comments on species identification for all valid species are provided.
S. chilensis Hartmann-Schröder, 1965 and
S. söderströmi Hartman, 1953 are synonymized with
S. duplex (Chamberlin, 1919).
S. kroyeri reyssi Laubier, 1964 is raised to species status.
S. fimbriata and
S. malayensis are considered as valid species not synonymous with
S. kroyeri. Also, 8 species are newly described:
S. algidus,
S. mediterraneus,
S. inflatus,
S. afer,
S. kimballi,
S. similis,
S. longisetus and
S. aucklandicus. An identification key to species of
Spiophanes is given.