WoRMS taxon details
Keratosa
- Order Dendroceratida
- Order Dictyoceratida
- Order Keratosida (disused)
- Order Verticillitida accepted as Dictyoceratida (junior synonym)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
Grant, R.E. (1861). Tabular view of the primary divisions of the Animal Kingdom, intended to serve as an outline of an elementary course of recent Zoology (Cainozoology), or the Natural History of existing animals. Walton and Maberley, London: i-vi, 1-91. [details]
Taxonomy The order Keratosa was used prior to Lévi's (1955) rearrangement of the Demosponge orders to accomodate sponges lacking...
Taxonomy The order Keratosa was used prior to Lévi's (1955) rearrangement of the Demosponge orders to accomodate sponges lacking spicules and provided with spongin fibers. This is now considered an artificial group because the orders Verongiida, Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and family Halisarcidae were included in the concept of Keratosa. From multidisplinary studies involving biology, chemistry, microbiology and genetics it is demonstrated that Verongiida and Halisarcidae are unrelated to Dictyoceratida and Dendroceratida. Recent molecular studies favour the use of the name Keratosa for a subclass consisting of the orders Dendroceratida and Dictyoceratida only (Erpenbeck et al. 2012) and the former order Verticillitida. [details]
de Voogd, N.J.; Alvarez, B.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Díaz, M.-C.; Dohrmann, M.; Downey, R.; Goodwin, C.; Hajdu, E.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Kelly, M.; Klautau, M.; Lim, S.C.; Manconi, R.; Morrow, C.; Pinheiro, U.; Pisera, A.B.; Ríos, P.; Rützler, K.; Schönberg, C.; Turner, T.; Vacelet, J.; van Soest, R.W.M.; Xavier, J. (2024). World Porifera Database. Keratosa. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=366651 on 2024-10-31
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original description
Grant, R.E. (1861). Tabular view of the primary divisions of the Animal Kingdom, intended to serve as an outline of an elementary course of recent Zoology (Cainozoology), or the Natural History of existing animals. Walton and Maberley, London: i-vi, 1-91. [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Morrow, C.; Cárdenas, P. (2015). Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). <em>Frontiers in Zoology.</em> 12: 7., available online at http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/12/1/7
page(s): 9 [details] Available for editors
[request]
additional source Redmond, N.E.; Morrow, C.C.; Thacker, R.W.; Díaz, M.C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Hajdu, E.; Lôbo-Hajdu, G.; Picton, B.E.; Pomponi, S.A.; Kayal, E.; Collins, A.G. (2013). Phylogeny and Systematics of Demospongiae in Light of New Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18S) Sequences. <em>Integrative and Comparative Biology.</em> 53 (3): 388-415., available online at http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/06/22/icb.ict078 [details] Available for editors [request]
status source Erpenbeck, D.; Sutcliffe, P.; Cook, S. de C.; Dietzel, A.; Maldonado, M.; Van Soest, R.W.M.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Wörheide, G. (2012). Horny sponges and their affairs: On the phylogenetic relationships of keratose sponges. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.</em> 63 (3): 809-816., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.024 [details] Available for editors [request]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record Morrow, C.; Cárdenas, P. (2015). Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). <em>Frontiers in Zoology.</em> 12: 7., available online at http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/12/1/7
page(s): 9 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Redmond, N.E.; Morrow, C.C.; Thacker, R.W.; Díaz, M.C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Hajdu, E.; Lôbo-Hajdu, G.; Picton, B.E.; Pomponi, S.A.; Kayal, E.; Collins, A.G. (2013). Phylogeny and Systematics of Demospongiae in Light of New Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18S) Sequences. <em>Integrative and Comparative Biology.</em> 53 (3): 388-415., available online at http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/06/22/icb.ict078 [details] Available for editors
[request]status source Erpenbeck, D.; Sutcliffe, P.; Cook, S. de C.; Dietzel, A.; Maldonado, M.; Van Soest, R.W.M.; Hooper, J.N.A.; Wörheide, G. (2012). Horny sponges and their affairs: On the phylogenetic relationships of keratose sponges. <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution.</em> 63 (3): 809-816., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.02.024 [details] Available for editors
[request]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Taxonomy The order Keratosa was used prior to Lévi's (1955) rearrangement of the Demosponge orders to accomodate sponges lacking spicules and provided with spongin fibers. This is now considered an artificial group because the orders Verongiida, Dictyoceratida, Dendroceratida and family Halisarcidae were included in the concept of Keratosa. From multidisplinary studies involving biology, chemistry, microbiology and genetics it is demonstrated that Verongiida and Halisarcidae are unrelated to Dictyoceratida and Dendroceratida. Recent molecular studies favour the use of the name Keratosa for a subclass consisting of the orders Dendroceratida and Dictyoceratida only (Erpenbeck et al. 2012) and the former order Verticillitida. [details]
