WoRMS taxon details
Demospongiae
Ceractinomorpha · unaccepted (disused)
Cornacuspongia · unaccepted (disused)
Monaxonida · unaccepted (disused)
Sclerospongiae · unaccepted (disused)
Tetractinomorpha · unaccepted (disused)
- Subclass Heteroscleromorpha
- Subclass Keratosa
- Subclass Verongimorpha
- Subclass Ceractinomorpha accepted as Demospongiae (disused)
- Subclass Cornacuspongia accepted as Demospongiae (disused)
- Subclass Democlavia accepted as Heteroscleromorpha (undefined taxon)
- Order Gummineae accepted as Chondrosiida (disused)
- Order Halisarcida accepted as Chondrillida (junior synonym)
- Subclass Haploscleromorpha accepted as Heteroscleromorpha (synonym)
- Order Lithistida accepted as Heteroscleromorpha (disused)
- Subclass Monaxonida accepted as Demospongiae (disused)
- Subclass Myxospongiae accepted as Verongimorpha (synonym)
- Subclass Tetractinomorpha accepted as Demospongiae (disused)
- Order Demospongiae incertae sedis (temporary name)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
Sollas, W.J. (1885). A Classification of the Sponges. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History.</em> (5) 16(95): 395. [details]
Taxonomy Since the publication of the Systema Porifera, thirteen years of predominantly molecular work has been performed to test...
Taxonomy Since the publication of the Systema Porifera, thirteen years of predominantly molecular work has been performed to test the phylogenetic framework of its classification. This has resulted now (2015) in dramatically changed insights, especially in the class Demospongiae, demanding adaptation of the classification. A new subclass- and ordinal division was proposed by Morrow & Cárdenas (2015) and is here adopted. The class Demospongiae now has three subclasses, Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha, and each of these has a strongly altered set of orders. [details]
WoRMS (2025). Demospongiae. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=164811 on 2025-07-14
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2005-07-10 18:05:41Z
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Nomenclature
original description
Sollas, W.J. (1885). A Classification of the Sponges. <em>Annals and Magazine of Natural History.</em> (5) 16(95): 395. [details]
original description (of Ceractinomorpha) Lévi, C. (1953). Sur une nouvelle classification des Démosponges. <em>Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 236 (8): 853-855. [details] Available for editors
[request]
original description (of Tetractinomorpha) Lévi, C. (1953). Sur une nouvelle classification des Démosponges. <em>Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 236 (8): 853-855. [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Sclerospongiae) Hartman, W.D.; Goreau, T.F. (1970). Jamaican coralline sponges: their morphology, ecology and fossil relatives. <i>In</i>: Fry WG (ed) The Biology of the Porifera. <em>Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, Academic Press London.</em> 25, 205-243. [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Monaxonida) Ridley, S.O.; Dendy, A. (1887). Report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Zoology.</em> 20 (part 59): i-lxviii, 1-275, pl. 1-51, 1 map., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-59/README.htm [details]
original description (of Cornacuspongia) Vosmaer, G.C.J. (1887). Spongien (Porifera). <i>In</i>: H.G. Bronn, Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs 2 : 1-499. [details]
basis of record Redmond, N.E.; Morrow, C.C.; Thacker, R.W.; Díaz, M.C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Hajdu, E.; Lôbo-Hajdu, G.; Picton, B.E.; Pomponi, S.A.; Kayal, E.; Collins, A.G. (2013). Phylogeny and Systematics of Demospongiae in Light of New Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18S) Sequences. <em>Integrative and Comparative Biology.</em> 53 (3): 388-415., available online at http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/06/22/icb.ict078 [details] Available for editors [request]
basis of record Morrow, C.; Cárdenas, P. (2015). Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). <em>Frontiers in Zoology.</em> 12: 7., available online at http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/12/1/7
page(s): 8 [details] Available for editors [request]
original description (of Ceractinomorpha) Lévi, C. (1953). Sur une nouvelle classification des Démosponges. <em>Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 236 (8): 853-855. [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Tetractinomorpha) Lévi, C. (1953). Sur une nouvelle classification des Démosponges. <em>Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l'Académie des sciences, Paris.</em> 236 (8): 853-855. [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Sclerospongiae) Hartman, W.D.; Goreau, T.F. (1970). Jamaican coralline sponges: their morphology, ecology and fossil relatives. <i>In</i>: Fry WG (ed) The Biology of the Porifera. <em>Symposium of the Zoological Society of London, Academic Press London.</em> 25, 205-243. [details] Available for editors
[request]original description (of Monaxonida) Ridley, S.O.; Dendy, A. (1887). Report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger' during the years 1873-76. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–76. Zoology.</em> 20 (part 59): i-lxviii, 1-275, pl. 1-51, 1 map., available online at http://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-59/README.htm [details]
original description (of Cornacuspongia) Vosmaer, G.C.J. (1887). Spongien (Porifera). <i>In</i>: H.G. Bronn, Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thierreichs 2 : 1-499. [details]
basis of record Redmond, N.E.; Morrow, C.C.; Thacker, R.W.; Díaz, M.C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Cárdenas, P.; Hajdu, E.; Lôbo-Hajdu, G.; Picton, B.E.; Pomponi, S.A.; Kayal, E.; Collins, A.G. (2013). Phylogeny and Systematics of Demospongiae in Light of New Small-Subunit Ribosomal DNA (18S) Sequences. <em>Integrative and Comparative Biology.</em> 53 (3): 388-415., available online at http://icb.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2013/06/22/icb.ict078 [details] Available for editors
[request]basis of record Morrow, C.; Cárdenas, P. (2015). Proposal for a revised classification of the Demospongiae (Porifera). <em>Frontiers in Zoology.</em> 12: 7., available online at http://www.frontiersinzoology.com/content/12/1/7
page(s): 8 [details] Available for editors
[request]Taxonomy
taxonomy source
Botting, J. P.; Zhang, Y.; Muir, L. A. (2017). Discovery of missing link between demosponges and hexactinellids confirms palaeontological model of sponge evolution. <em>Scientific Reports.</em> 7(1)., available online at https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-05604-6 [details] Available for editors [request]
[request]Other
context source (Hexacorallia)
Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
context source (PeRMS) Desqueyroux-Faúndez, R.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (1996). A review of Iophonidae, Myxillidae and Tedaniidae occurring in the South East Pacific (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). <em>Revue suisse de Zoologie.</em> 103 (1): 3-79. [details]
additional source Lévi, C. (1979). Remarques sur la taxonomie des Demonspongea. <em>Colloques internationaux du CNRS.</em> 291, 497-502. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002 (2004)). Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885. Pp. 15-18. <i>In:</i> Hooper, J.N.A.; van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) <i>Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges</i>. (2 Volumes). Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow). 1708+xvliii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version). [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002). Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885. Pp. 15-18. <i>In:</i> Hooper, J.N.A.; van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) <i>Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges</i>. (2 Volumes). Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow). ISBN 0-306-47260-0 (printed version). (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Sollas, W.J. (1886). A Classification of the Sponges. <em>Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series).</em> 5: 112. [details]
additional source Boury-Esnault, N. (2006). Systematics and evolution of Demospongiae. <em>Canadian Journal of Zoology.</em> 84: 205-224., available online at https://doi.org/10.1139/Z06-003 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the Phyla of life on earth. 3rd edition. Freeman: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-7167-3027-8. xx, 520 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.). (2002). Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow. 2 Volumes. 1706 pp. [2002 printed version ISBN 0-306-47260-0, 2004 eBook electronic version ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5]. , available online at https://www-springer-com.naturalis.idm.oclc.org/gp/book/9780306472602 [details]
additional source Chombard, C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Tillier, A.; Vacelet, J. (1997). Polyphyly of ‘Sclerosponges' (Porifera, Demospongiae) Supported by 28S Ribosomal Sequences. <em>Biological Bulletin.</em> 193: 359-367. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
context source (PeRMS) Desqueyroux-Faúndez, R.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (1996). A review of Iophonidae, Myxillidae and Tedaniidae occurring in the South East Pacific (Porifera: Poecilosclerida). <em>Revue suisse de Zoologie.</em> 103 (1): 3-79. [details]
additional source Lévi, C. (1979). Remarques sur la taxonomie des Demonspongea. <em>Colloques internationaux du CNRS.</em> 291, 497-502. [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002 (2004)). Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885. Pp. 15-18. <i>In:</i> Hooper, J.N.A.; van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) <i>Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges</i>. (2 Volumes). Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow). 1708+xvliii. ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5 (eBook electronic version). [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (2002). Class Demospongiae Sollas, 1885. Pp. 15-18. <i>In:</i> Hooper, J.N.A.; van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.) <i>Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges</i>. (2 Volumes). Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow). ISBN 0-306-47260-0 (printed version). (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Sollas, W.J. (1886). A Classification of the Sponges. <em>Scientific Proceedings of the Royal Dublin Society (new series).</em> 5: 112. [details]
additional source Boury-Esnault, N. (2006). Systematics and evolution of Demospongiae. <em>Canadian Journal of Zoology.</em> 84: 205-224., available online at https://doi.org/10.1139/Z06-003 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the Phyla of life on earth. 3rd edition. Freeman: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-7167-3027-8. xx, 520 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Hooper, J.N.A.; Van Soest, R.W.M. (Eds.). (2002). Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers: New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow. 2 Volumes. 1706 pp. [2002 printed version ISBN 0-306-47260-0, 2004 eBook electronic version ISBN 978-1-4615-0747-5]. , available online at https://www-springer-com.naturalis.idm.oclc.org/gp/book/9780306472602 [details]
additional source Chombard, C.; Boury-Esnault, N.; Tillier, A.; Vacelet, J. (1997). Polyphyly of ‘Sclerosponges' (Porifera, Demospongiae) Supported by 28S Ribosomal Sequences. <em>Biological Bulletin.</em> 193: 359-367. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Taxonomy Since the publication of the Systema Porifera, thirteen years of predominantly molecular work has been performed to test the phylogenetic framework of its classification. This has resulted now (2015) in dramatically changed insights, especially in the class Demospongiae, demanding adaptation of the classification. A new subclass- and ordinal division was proposed by Morrow & Cárdenas (2015) and is here adopted. The class Demospongiae now has three subclasses, Verongimorpha, Keratosa and Heteroscleromorpha, and each of these has a strongly altered set of orders. [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Dutch | gewone sponzen | [details] |
| English | horny spongesdemosponges | [details] |
| Japanese | 角質海綿亜綱 [from synonym]尋常海綿綱四放海綿亜綱 [from synonym] | [details] |
| Swedish | horn- och kiselsvampar | [details] |
| Ukrainian | Звича́йні гу́бки | [details] |
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Demospongiae)
To Genbank
To Genbank (from synonym Monaxonida)
To Genbank (from synonym Ceractinomorpha)
To Genbank (from synonym Tetractinomorpha)
To The Arctic Traits Database (7 traits)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 009102.PR) (from synonym Sclerospongiae)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 100944)
To ITIS
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Demospongiae)
To Genbank
To Genbank (from synonym Monaxonida)
To Genbank (from synonym Ceractinomorpha)
To Genbank (from synonym Tetractinomorpha)
To The Arctic Traits Database (7 traits)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 009102.PR) (from synonym Sclerospongiae)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 100944)
To ITIS
Unreviewed
Hosted externally, from synonym
Hosted externally
