WoRMS taxon details
Polychaeta
- Subclass Echiura
- Subclass Errantia
- Subclass Sedentaria
- Subclass Aciculata accepted as Errantia (subjective synonym)
- Subclass Polychaeta incertae sedis (temporary name)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent + fossil
Grube, Adolf Eduard. (1850). Die Familien der Anneliden. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin.</em> 16(1): 249-364., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6958350
page(s): 281, 282; note: usage of Polychaeta within Annulata as "Appendiculata polychaeta" [details]
page(s): 281, 282; note: usage of Polychaeta within Annulata as "Appendiculata polychaeta" [details]
WoRMS (2025). Polychaeta. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=883 on 2025-07-14
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
db_admin
The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 License
Nomenclature
original description
Grube, Adolf Eduard. (1850). Die Familien der Anneliden. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin.</em> 16(1): 249-364., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6958350
page(s): 281, 282; note: usage of Polychaeta within Annulata as "Appendiculata polychaeta" [details]
page(s): 281, 282; note: usage of Polychaeta within Annulata as "Appendiculata polychaeta" [details]
Taxonomy
taxonomy source
Jimi, Naoto. (2024). The Polychaetous Annelids of Japan: Updated Checklist of Known Species. <em>Species Diversity.</em> 29(2): 337-377., available online at https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/specdiv/29/2/29_SD21-22/_article [details] Available for editors 
[request]
[request]Identification resource
identification resource
Hartmann-Schröder, Gesa; Duff, Alexandra [editor]; Kingston, Paul [editor]; Ingold, Maggie [translator]; Riddle, Martin [translator]. (1987). Key to polychaete annelids from the North Sea and Baltic approaches. A translation of the keys contained in Die Tierwelt Deutschland's und angrenzender Meeresteile, Annelida. Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta [1971] by Dr. Gesa Hartmann-Schroder. <em>[booklet].</em> 63pp. Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh.
note: Translation German to English [details] Available for editors [request]
identification resource Nygren, A; Hall, R.; Pleijel, F. (2013). Bestämningsnyckel till och presentation av svenska familjer av havsborstmaskar. 89 pp. [Determination Key to polychaetes and presentation of Swedish families of polychaetes.] , available online at http://www.slu.se/sv/centrumbildningar-och-projekt/artdatabanken/om-oss/publikationer/ [details]
identification resource Blake, James A.; Ruff, R. Eugene (2007). Polychaeta. In: Carlton, J.T. (ed.). The Light and Smith Manual. Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon, pp. 309-410. University of California Press, Berkeley. [details]
identification resource Wilson, Robin S.; Hutchings Pat, A.; Glasby, C. J. 2003. Polychaetes: An Interactive Identification Guide. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne., available online at http://researchdata.museum.vic.gov.au/polychaetes/ [details]
identification resource Blake, J.A. 1994. Introduction to the Polychaeta, in J.A. Blake and B. Hilbig eds., Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, p. 39-113.
page(s): (and set of volumes) [details]
identification resource Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details]
identification resource Hartmann-Schröder, G. (1996). Annelida, Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta [Annelida, bristleworms, Polychaeta]. <em>2nd revised ed. The fauna of Germany and adjacent seas with their characteristics and ecology, 58. Gustav Fischer: Jena, Germany. ISBN 3-437-35038-2.</em> 648 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
identification resource Day, J.H. (1967). A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. British Museum (Natural History). London. vol 1 & vol 2, 1-878., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8596 [details]
identification resource Fauchald, K. (1972). Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. <em>Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology.</em> 7: 1-575., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6207 [details]
identification resource Fauvel, P. (1923). Polychètes errantes. Faune de France. <em>Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences. Paris.</em> 5: 1-488., available online at http://www.faunedefrance.org/ [details]
identification resource Fauvel, P. (1927). Polychètes sédentaires. Addenda aux errantes, Arachiannélides, Myzostomaires. <em>Faune de France Volume 16. Paul Lechevalier. Paris.</em> 1-494., available online at http://www.faunedefrance.org/bibliotheque/docs/P.FAUVEL(FdeFr16)Polychetes-sendentaires.pdf [details]
identification resource Hartman, O. (1965). Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. <em>Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation.</em> 28: 1-384., available online at http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15799coll82/id/20299 [details]
identification resource Hartman, Olga. (1967). Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. <em>Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology.</em> 2: 1-387. [details] Available for editors [request]
identification resource Hartman, O.; Fauchald, K. (1971). Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic Areas. Part II. <em>Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology.</em> 6: 1-327., available online at http://hdl.handle.net/10088/3458 [details]
identification resource Hartman, O. 1968. Atlas of the errantiate polychaetous annelids from California. 1-828. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California. Los Angeles. [details]
identification resource Hartman, O. (1969). Atlas of the sedentariate polychaetous annelids from California. 1-812. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California. Los Angeles. [details]
identification resource Jirkov, I.A. (2001). [Polychaeta of the Arctic Ocean] (In Russian) Polikhety severnogo Ledovitogo Okeana. Yanus-K Press, Moscow, 632 pp., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259865957_Jirkov_2001_Polychaeta_of_the_North_Polar_Basin [details] Available for editors [request]
identification resource Kirkegaard, J. B. (1995). Bathyal and abyssal polychaetes (errant species). <em>Galathea Report.</em> 17: 7-56., available online at https://digit.snm.ku.dk/Documentsonline/GalatheaReports/galathea-vol.17-pp_007-056.pdf [details]
identification resource Kirkegaard, J. B. (1996). Bathyal and Abyssal Polychaetes (sedentary species I). <em>Galathea Report.</em> 17: 57-77., available online at http://www.zmuc.dk/inverweb/galathea/Pdf_filer/Volume_17/galathea-vol.17-pp_057-078.pdf [details]
identification resource Knox, George A.; Cameron, D.B. (1998). The Marina Fauna of the Ross Sea: Polychaeta. <em>NIWA Biodiversity Memoir.</em> 108: 1-125., available online at https://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/Memoir%20108_Marine%20Fauna%20of%20Ross%20Sea_Polychaeta%20-%201998.pdf [details] Available for editors [request]
identification resource Monro, Charles Carmichael Arthur. (1930). Polychaete worms. <em>Discovery Reports, Cambridge.</em> 2: 1-222., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15904801 [details]
identification resource Uebelacker, Joan M.; Johnson, Paul G. (eds). (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Final report to the Minerals Management Service, contract 14-12-001-29091. Volumes 1-7, Barry M. Vittor & Associates. Mobile, Alabama., available online at https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002201750
page(s): (set of volumes) [details] Available for editors [request]
note: Translation German to English [details] Available for editors
[request]identification resource Nygren, A; Hall, R.; Pleijel, F. (2013). Bestämningsnyckel till och presentation av svenska familjer av havsborstmaskar. 89 pp. [Determination Key to polychaetes and presentation of Swedish families of polychaetes.] , available online at http://www.slu.se/sv/centrumbildningar-och-projekt/artdatabanken/om-oss/publikationer/ [details]
identification resource Blake, James A.; Ruff, R. Eugene (2007). Polychaeta. In: Carlton, J.T. (ed.). The Light and Smith Manual. Intertidal Invertebrates from Central California to Oregon, pp. 309-410. University of California Press, Berkeley. [details]
identification resource Wilson, Robin S.; Hutchings Pat, A.; Glasby, C. J. 2003. Polychaetes: An Interactive Identification Guide. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne., available online at http://researchdata.museum.vic.gov.au/polychaetes/ [details]
identification resource Blake, J.A. 1994. Introduction to the Polychaeta, in J.A. Blake and B. Hilbig eds., Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel: Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, p. 39-113.
page(s): (and set of volumes) [details]
identification resource Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details]
identification resource Hartmann-Schröder, G. (1996). Annelida, Borstenwürmer, Polychaeta [Annelida, bristleworms, Polychaeta]. <em>2nd revised ed. The fauna of Germany and adjacent seas with their characteristics and ecology, 58. Gustav Fischer: Jena, Germany. ISBN 3-437-35038-2.</em> 648 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
[request]identification resource Day, J.H. (1967). A monograph on the Polychaeta of Southern Africa. British Museum (Natural History). London. vol 1 & vol 2, 1-878., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/8596 [details]
identification resource Fauchald, K. (1972). Benthic polychaetous annelids from deep water off western Mexico and adjacent areas in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. <em>Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology.</em> 7: 1-575., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/6207 [details]
identification resource Fauvel, P. (1923). Polychètes errantes. Faune de France. <em>Librairie de la Faculte des Sciences. Paris.</em> 5: 1-488., available online at http://www.faunedefrance.org/ [details]
identification resource Fauvel, P. (1927). Polychètes sédentaires. Addenda aux errantes, Arachiannélides, Myzostomaires. <em>Faune de France Volume 16. Paul Lechevalier. Paris.</em> 1-494., available online at http://www.faunedefrance.org/bibliotheque/docs/P.FAUVEL(FdeFr16)Polychetes-sendentaires.pdf [details]
identification resource Hartman, O. (1965). Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic areas. <em>Occasional Papers of the Allan Hancock Foundation.</em> 28: 1-384., available online at http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15799coll82/id/20299 [details]
identification resource Hartman, Olga. (1967). Polychaetous annelids collected by the USNS Eltanin and Staten Island cruises, chiefly from Antarctic Seas. <em>Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology.</em> 2: 1-387. [details] Available for editors
[request]identification resource Hartman, O.; Fauchald, K. (1971). Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic Areas. Part II. <em>Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology.</em> 6: 1-327., available online at http://hdl.handle.net/10088/3458 [details]
identification resource Hartman, O. 1968. Atlas of the errantiate polychaetous annelids from California. 1-828. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California. Los Angeles. [details]
identification resource Hartman, O. (1969). Atlas of the sedentariate polychaetous annelids from California. 1-812. Allan Hancock Foundation, University of Southern California. Los Angeles. [details]
identification resource Jirkov, I.A. (2001). [Polychaeta of the Arctic Ocean] (In Russian) Polikhety severnogo Ledovitogo Okeana. Yanus-K Press, Moscow, 632 pp., available online at https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259865957_Jirkov_2001_Polychaeta_of_the_North_Polar_Basin [details] Available for editors
[request]identification resource Kirkegaard, J. B. (1995). Bathyal and abyssal polychaetes (errant species). <em>Galathea Report.</em> 17: 7-56., available online at https://digit.snm.ku.dk/Documentsonline/GalatheaReports/galathea-vol.17-pp_007-056.pdf [details]
identification resource Kirkegaard, J. B. (1996). Bathyal and Abyssal Polychaetes (sedentary species I). <em>Galathea Report.</em> 17: 57-77., available online at http://www.zmuc.dk/inverweb/galathea/Pdf_filer/Volume_17/galathea-vol.17-pp_057-078.pdf [details]
identification resource Knox, George A.; Cameron, D.B. (1998). The Marina Fauna of the Ross Sea: Polychaeta. <em>NIWA Biodiversity Memoir.</em> 108: 1-125., available online at https://docs.niwa.co.nz/library/public/Memoir%20108_Marine%20Fauna%20of%20Ross%20Sea_Polychaeta%20-%201998.pdf [details] Available for editors
[request]identification resource Monro, Charles Carmichael Arthur. (1930). Polychaete worms. <em>Discovery Reports, Cambridge.</em> 2: 1-222., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15904801 [details]
identification resource Uebelacker, Joan M.; Johnson, Paul G. (eds). (1984). Taxonomic guide to the polychaetes of the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Final report to the Minerals Management Service, contract 14-12-001-29091. Volumes 1-7, Barry M. Vittor & Associates. Mobile, Alabama., available online at https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/002201750
page(s): (set of volumes) [details] Available for editors
[request]Other
context source (Deepsea)
Hartman, O.; Fauchald, K. (1971). Deep-water benthic polychaetous annelids off New England to Bermuda and other North Atlantic Areas. Part II. <em>Allan Hancock Monographs in Marine Biology.</em> 6: 1-327., available online at http://hdl.handle.net/10088/3458 [details]
additional source Brusca R.C. & Brusca G.J. (2003). Invertabrates. 2nd ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, p. 936. [details]
additional source Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the Phyla of life on earth. 3rd edition. Freeman: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-7167-3027-8. xx, 520 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Rouse, G.W.; Fauchald, K. (1997). Cladistics and polychaetes. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 26(2), 139-204., available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1997.tb00412.x [details]
additional source Fauchald, K.; Rouse, G.W. (1997). Polychaete systematics: past and present. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 26(2), 71-138., available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1997.tb00411.x [details]
additional source Bakken, Torkild; Sneli, Jon-Arne. 2009. Obituary Torleif Holthe (1946-2007). Zoosymposia 2: 13-16, available online at http://www.mapress.com/zoosymposia/content/2009/v2/index.htm [details]
additional source Eibye-Jacobsen, Danny. 2009. Obituary Jorgen Bagger Kirkegaard (1920-2006). Zoosymposia 2: 17-20, available online at http://www.mapress.com/zoosymposia/content/2009/v2/index.htm [details]
additional source Struck, T. H. 2011. Direction of evolution within Annelida and the definition of Pleistoannelida. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 49(4): 340-345, available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00640.x [details]
additional source Rouse, G. W.; Pleijel, F. (2001). Polychaetes. <em>Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK [etc.]. ISBN 0-19-850608-2.</em> 354 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Zrzavý, J.; Xíha, P.; Piálek, L.; Janouškovec, J. (2009). Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes - art. no. 189. Bmc Evolutionary Biology 9: 189-189. , available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/189 [details]
additional source Simakov, Oleg; Marletaz, Ferdinand; Cho, Sung-Jin; Edsinger-Gonzales, Eric; Havlak, Paul; Hellsten, Uffe; Kuo, Dian-Han; Larsson, Tomas; Lv, Jie; Arendt, Detlev; Savage, Robert; Osoegawa, Kazutoyo; de Jong, Pieter; Grimwood, Jane; Chapman, Jarrod A.; Shapiro, Harris; Aerts, Andrea; Otillar, Robert P.; Terry, Astrid Y.; Boore, Jeffrey L.; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Lindberg, David R.; Seaver, Elaine C.; Weisblat, David A.; Putnam, Nicholas H.; Rokhsar, Daniel S. 2012. Insights into bilaterian evolution from three spiralian genomes. Nature advance online publication, available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11696 [details]
additional source Salazar-Vallejo, S. I.; Carrera-Parra, L. F.; Muir, A. I.; De León-González, J. A.; Piotrowski, C.; Sato, M. (2014). Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 3842(1): 1-68., available online at https://mapress.com/zootaxa/2014/f/zt03842p068.pdf
page(s): [Regional checklist of original names] [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Mikac, Barbara. (2015). A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 3943(1): 1-172., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3943.1.1
note: Checklist [details]
additional source Seaver, Elaine C. (2014). Variation in spiralian development: insights from polychaetes. <em>The International Journal of Developmental Biology.</em> 58(6-7-8): 457-467., available online at https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.140154es [details]
additional source Glasby, Christopher J.; Hutchings, Patricia A. ; Fauchald, Kristian; Paxton, Hannelore; Rouse, Gregory W.; Watson Russell, Charlotte; Wilson, Robin S. (2000). Class Polychaeta. In: Beesley, P.L.; Ross, G.B.; Glasby, C.J. (eds). Polychaetes & Allies: The Southern Synthesis. <em>[Book].</em> p. 1-296. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 4A., available online at http://www.environment.gov.au/science/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/fauna-4a
note: review [details]
additional source Pamungkas, Joko; Glasby, Christopher J.; Read, Geoffrey B.; Wilson, Simon P.; Costello, Mark J. (2019). Progress and perspectives in the discovery of polychaete worms (Annelida) of the world. <em>Helgoland Marine Research.</em> 73(4): [1-10]., available online at https://hmr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10152-019-0524-z [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Magalhães, Wagner F.; Hutchings, Pat; Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro; Martin, Patrick; Schmelz, Rüdiger M.; Wetzel, Mark J.; Wiklund, Helena; Maciolek, Nancy J.; Kawauchi, Gisele Y.; Williams, Jason D. (2021). Segmented worms (Phylum Annelida): a celebration of twenty years of progress through <em>Zootaxa</em> and call for action on the taxonomic work that remains. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 4979(1): 190-211., available online at https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4979.1.18 [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Glasby, Christopher J; al Hakim, Inayat. (2017). History of collection and discovery of polychaetes (Annelida), including a bibliography, from the Indo-Malay-Philippines Archipelago and surrounding seas. <em>Raffles Bulletin of Zoology.</em> 65: 545–558., available online at https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/publications/raffles-bulletin-of-zoology/volumes/volume-65/ [details]
additional source Pamungkas, Joko; Glasby, Christopher J. (2019). Status of polychaete (Annelida) taxonomy in Indonesia, including a checklist of Indonesian species. <em>Raffles Bulletin of Zoology.</em> 67: 595–639., available online at https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/publications/raffles-bulletin-of-zoology/volumes/volume-67/ [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Jimi, Naoto. (2024). The Polychaetous Annelids of Japan: Updated Checklist of Known Species. <em>Species Diversity.</em> 29(2): 337-377., available online at https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/specdiv/29/2/29_SD21-22/_article
note: annotated checklist of Polychaeta for Japan [details] Available for editors [request]
biology source Bhaud, M. R.; Cazaux, Claude P.; with contributions from Watson Russell, C; Lefevre, M. (1987). Description and identification of polychaete larvae; their implications in current biological problems. <em>Oceanis.</em> 13(6): : 595-753. [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source Brusca R.C. & Brusca G.J. (2003). Invertabrates. 2nd ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, p. 936. [details]
additional source Margulis, L.; Schwartz, K.V. (1998). Five Kingdoms: an illustrated guide to the Phyla of life on earth. 3rd edition. Freeman: New York, NY (USA). ISBN 0-7167-3027-8. xx, 520 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Rouse, G.W.; Fauchald, K. (1997). Cladistics and polychaetes. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 26(2), 139-204., available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1997.tb00412.x [details]
additional source Fauchald, K.; Rouse, G.W. (1997). Polychaete systematics: past and present. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 26(2), 71-138., available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1997.tb00411.x [details]
additional source Bakken, Torkild; Sneli, Jon-Arne. 2009. Obituary Torleif Holthe (1946-2007). Zoosymposia 2: 13-16, available online at http://www.mapress.com/zoosymposia/content/2009/v2/index.htm [details]
additional source Eibye-Jacobsen, Danny. 2009. Obituary Jorgen Bagger Kirkegaard (1920-2006). Zoosymposia 2: 17-20, available online at http://www.mapress.com/zoosymposia/content/2009/v2/index.htm [details]
additional source Struck, T. H. 2011. Direction of evolution within Annelida and the definition of Pleistoannelida. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research 49(4): 340-345, available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00640.x [details]
additional source Rouse, G. W.; Pleijel, F. (2001). Polychaetes. <em>Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK [etc.]. ISBN 0-19-850608-2.</em> 354 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Zrzavý, J.; Xíha, P.; Piálek, L.; Janouškovec, J. (2009). Phylogeny of Annelida (Lophotrochozoa): total-evidence analysis of morphology and six genes - art. no. 189. Bmc Evolutionary Biology 9: 189-189. , available online at http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/189 [details]
additional source Simakov, Oleg; Marletaz, Ferdinand; Cho, Sung-Jin; Edsinger-Gonzales, Eric; Havlak, Paul; Hellsten, Uffe; Kuo, Dian-Han; Larsson, Tomas; Lv, Jie; Arendt, Detlev; Savage, Robert; Osoegawa, Kazutoyo; de Jong, Pieter; Grimwood, Jane; Chapman, Jarrod A.; Shapiro, Harris; Aerts, Andrea; Otillar, Robert P.; Terry, Astrid Y.; Boore, Jeffrey L.; Grigoriev, Igor V.; Lindberg, David R.; Seaver, Elaine C.; Weisblat, David A.; Putnam, Nicholas H.; Rokhsar, Daniel S. 2012. Insights into bilaterian evolution from three spiralian genomes. Nature advance online publication, available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11696 [details]
additional source Salazar-Vallejo, S. I.; Carrera-Parra, L. F.; Muir, A. I.; De León-González, J. A.; Piotrowski, C.; Sato, M. (2014). Polychaete species (Annelida) described from the Philippine and China Seas. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 3842(1): 1-68., available online at https://mapress.com/zootaxa/2014/f/zt03842p068.pdf
page(s): [Regional checklist of original names] [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Mikac, Barbara. (2015). A sea of worms: polychaete checklist of the Adriatic Sea. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 3943(1): 1-172., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3943.1.1
note: Checklist [details]
additional source Seaver, Elaine C. (2014). Variation in spiralian development: insights from polychaetes. <em>The International Journal of Developmental Biology.</em> 58(6-7-8): 457-467., available online at https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.140154es [details]
additional source Glasby, Christopher J.; Hutchings, Patricia A. ; Fauchald, Kristian; Paxton, Hannelore; Rouse, Gregory W.; Watson Russell, Charlotte; Wilson, Robin S. (2000). Class Polychaeta. In: Beesley, P.L.; Ross, G.B.; Glasby, C.J. (eds). Polychaetes & Allies: The Southern Synthesis. <em>[Book].</em> p. 1-296. Fauna of Australia. Vol. 4A., available online at http://www.environment.gov.au/science/abrs/publications/fauna-of-australia/fauna-4a
note: review [details]
additional source Pamungkas, Joko; Glasby, Christopher J.; Read, Geoffrey B.; Wilson, Simon P.; Costello, Mark J. (2019). Progress and perspectives in the discovery of polychaete worms (Annelida) of the world. <em>Helgoland Marine Research.</em> 73(4): [1-10]., available online at https://hmr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s10152-019-0524-z [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Magalhães, Wagner F.; Hutchings, Pat; Oceguera-Figueroa, Alejandro; Martin, Patrick; Schmelz, Rüdiger M.; Wetzel, Mark J.; Wiklund, Helena; Maciolek, Nancy J.; Kawauchi, Gisele Y.; Williams, Jason D. (2021). Segmented worms (Phylum Annelida): a celebration of twenty years of progress through <em>Zootaxa</em> and call for action on the taxonomic work that remains. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 4979(1): 190-211., available online at https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4979.1.18 [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Glasby, Christopher J; al Hakim, Inayat. (2017). History of collection and discovery of polychaetes (Annelida), including a bibliography, from the Indo-Malay-Philippines Archipelago and surrounding seas. <em>Raffles Bulletin of Zoology.</em> 65: 545–558., available online at https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/publications/raffles-bulletin-of-zoology/volumes/volume-65/ [details]
additional source Pamungkas, Joko; Glasby, Christopher J. (2019). Status of polychaete (Annelida) taxonomy in Indonesia, including a checklist of Indonesian species. <em>Raffles Bulletin of Zoology.</em> 67: 595–639., available online at https://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/publications/raffles-bulletin-of-zoology/volumes/volume-67/ [details] Available for editors
[request]additional source Jimi, Naoto. (2024). The Polychaetous Annelids of Japan: Updated Checklist of Known Species. <em>Species Diversity.</em> 29(2): 337-377., available online at https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/specdiv/29/2/29_SD21-22/_article
note: annotated checklist of Polychaeta for Japan [details] Available for editors
[request]biology source Bhaud, M. R.; Cazaux, Claude P.; with contributions from Watson Russell, C; Lefevre, M. (1987). Description and identification of polychaete larvae; their implications in current biological problems. <em>Oceanis.</em> 13(6): : 595-753. [details] Available for editors
[request]
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
Classification Several minor orders presented in Fauchald (1977)are now regarded as superfluous. All orders so tagged do not have child taxa that are currently in use. Basically the classification of Rouse & Pleijel (2001: Fig.1.1) is presented here, with old name Errantia substituting for their Aciculata and old name Sedentaria including their Canalipalpata and Scolecida, but if the indications of placements in Zrzavý et al (2009) are implemented, then Scolecida is polyphyletic and its families should disperse into Terebellida and Sabellida. Further, Struck (2011) has introduced Clade Pleistoannelida defined as the last common ancestor of a revived Errantia and Sedentaria, with the latter containing Clitellata (leeches and earthworms). This view is partly integrated into the WoRMS arrangement of Annelida taxa, although his new Pleistoannelida may be superfluous if Polychaeta is retained. Palpata as a subclass appears likely to be superfluous and is not currently used here. Some interstitial annelid families (including former 'archiannelids') are under 'Polychaeta incertae sedis' awaiting assignment, together with some other taxa of obscure or Polychaeta-basal affinities. [details]Source Classification of the ERMS polychaetes was originally based, down to genus level, on Fauchald (1977). For ERMS species mainly Hartmann-Schroeder (1996) was used. More recently for the World Polychaeta Database (WPD) the classification of Rouse & Pleijel (2001) and Struck (2011) influenced the taxon tree organisation. [details]
| Language | Name | |
|---|---|---|
| Dutch | veelborsteligenborstelwormen | [details] |
| English | polychetespolychete wormspolychaetesbristle worms | [details] |
| German | VielborsterPolychaetenBorstenwürmer | [details] |
| Japanese | 多毛綱 | [details] |
| Swedish | havsborstmaskar | [details] |
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Polychaeta)
To Genbank
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To online POLiKEY key to Polychaeta families Note: version as at 2003, with access via Pathkey
To The Arctic Traits Database (31 traits)
To ITIS
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Polychaeta)
To Genbank
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI)
To online POLiKEY key to Polychaeta families Note: version as at 2003, with access via Pathkey
To The Arctic Traits Database (31 traits)
To ITIS
From editor or global species database
