original description
Chun, C. (1888). Berichte über eine nach den Canarischen Inseln im Winter 1887/88. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Königlidch Preussischen Akademie de Wissenschaften.</em> 1888: 1141-1173. (English translation in Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3: 214-246, 1889)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29368183
page(s): 1162 [details]
context source (Deepsea)
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. The Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS), available online at http://www.iobis.org/ [details]
context source (Bermuda)
Moore, H.B. (1949). The zooplankton of the upper waters of the Bermuda area of the North Atlantic. Bulletin of the Bingham Oceanographic Collection 12(2):1-97, figs. 1-208. (i-1949) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Bigelow H.B. (1911c). The Siphonophorae. Reports of the scientific research expedition to the tropical Pacific. Albatross XXIII. <em>Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College.</em> 38: 173-401, 32 pls., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/32451
page(s): 195, pl.4 figs1-8 [details]
additional source
Pugh, P. R. (1999). Siphonophorae. In South Atlantic Zooplankton I. Edited by D. Boltovskoy. <em>Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.</em> 1-868.
page(s): 485, figs 3.31, 3.441, [details]
additional source
Pagès, F. & Gili, J.M. (1992). Siphonophores (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) of the Benguela Current (southeastern Atlantic). In: F. Pagès; J.-M. Gili & J. Bouillon, eds, Planktonic Cnidarians of the Benguela Current. <em>Scientia Marina.</em> 56 suppl. 1: 65-112.
page(s): 75, fig.12 [details]
additional source
Pugh, P. R. & Gasca, R. (2009). Siphonophorae (Cnidaria) of the Gulf of Mexico. Pp. 395–402. In: Felder, D.L. and D.K. Camp (eds.), Gulf of Mexico–Origins, Waters, and Biota. <em>Biodiversity.</em> Texas A&M Press, College Station, Texas. [details]
additional source
Mapstone, G. M. 2009. Siphonophora (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) of Canadian Pacific waters. NRC Research Press, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 302 p
page(s): 126, fig. 26A-D [details]
additional source
Liu, J.Y. [Ruiyu] (ed.). (2008). Checklist of marine biota of China seas. <em>China Science Press.</em> 1267 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V.; Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors [request]
ecology source
Pugh, P. R. (1999). Siphonophorae. In South Atlantic Zooplankton I. Edited by D. Boltovskoy. <em>Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands.</em> 1-868. [details]
From editor or global species database
Distribution Bouillon et al 2004, Pagès et al’06 [details]Unreviewed
Distribution circum-(sub)tropical [details]
Habitat epi-mesopelagic [details]
Habitat Epipelagic [details]