Register of Antarctic Species (RAS) - Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758

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WoRMS taxon details

Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758

Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758

AphiaID

125284 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:125284)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Genus

Type taxon

Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 (type by subsequent designation)

Type taxon of

Alcyoniidae Lamouroux, 1812

Parent

Alcyoniidae Lamouroux, 1812

Original name

Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758

Synonymised names

Alcyonidium auct. · unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling

Alcyonium (Erythropodium) · unaccepted

Anthozoanthus Deshays M.S. in Carter, 1870 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym

Halcyonium · alternative representation

Parerythropodium Kükenthal, 1916 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym

Parethropodium · unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling

Pseudoalcyonium Tixier-Durivault & d'Hondt, 1974 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym

Rhodophyton Gray, 1865 · unaccepted > junior subjective synonym

Direct children (224)

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Species Alcyonium acaule Marion, 1878
Species Alcyonium antarcticum Wright & Studer, 1889
Species Alcyonium aspiculatum Tixier-Durivault, 1955
Species Alcyonium bocagei (Saville Kent, 1870)
Species Alcyonium bosphorense (Tixier-Durivault, 1961)
Species Alcyonium burmedju Sampaio, Stokvis & van Ofwegen, 2016
Species Alcyonium catalai Tixier-Durivault, 1970
Species Alcyonium ceylonense May, 1899
Species Alcyonium clavatum Studer, 1891
Species Alcyonium compactofestucum Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992
Species Alcyonium compressum Studer, 1901
Species Alcyonium coralloides (Pallas, 1766)
Species Alcyonium cydonium Linnaeus, 1767 sensu Esper, 1829
Species Alcyonium dendroides Thomson & Dean, 1931
Species Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758
Species Alcyonium dolium McFadden & van Ofwegen, 2017
Species Alcyonium elegans (Kükenthal, 1902)
Species Alcyonium etheridgei Thomson & Mackinnon, 1911
Species Alcyonium fauri J.S. Thomson, 1910
Species Alcyonium foliatum J. S. Thomson, 1921
Species Alcyonium glaciophilum van Ofwegen, Häussermann & Försterra, 2007
Species Alcyonium glomeratum (Hassall, 1843)
Species Alcyonium grandis Casas, Ramil & van Ofwegen, 1997
Species Alcyonium graniferum Tixier-Durivault & d'Hondt, 1974
Species Alcyonium haddoni Wright & Studer, 1889
Species Alcyonium hibernicum (Renouf, 1931)
Species Alcyonium jorgei van Ofwegen, Häussermann & Försterra, 2007
Species Alcyonium maristenebrosi (Stiasny, 1937)
Species Alcyonium megasclerum Stokvis & van Ofwegen, 2006
Species Alcyonium membranaceum Kükenthal, 1906
Species Alcyonium muricatum Yamada, 1950
Species Alcyonium norvegicum (Koren & Danielssen, 1883)
Species Alcyonium novarae Kükenthal, 1906
Species Alcyonium pacificum Yamada, 1950
Species Alcyonium palmatum Pallas, 1766
Species Alcyonium papillosum Pallas, 1766
Species Alcyonium pasternaki Molodtsova, 2013
Species Alcyonium patagonicum (May, 1899)
Species Alcyonium paucilobulatum Casas, Ramil & van Ofwegen, 1997
Species Alcyonium profundum Stokvis & van Ofwegen, 2006
Species Alcyonium reptans Kükenthal, 1906
Species Alcyonium robustum Utinomi, 1976
Species Alcyonium roseum (Tixier-Durivault, 1954)
Species Alcyonium senegalense Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992
Species Alcyonium siderium Verrill, 1922
Species Alcyonium sollasi Wright & Studer, 1889
Species Alcyonium southgeorgiensis Casas, Ramil & van Ofwegen, 1997
Species Alcyonium spitzbergense Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992
Species Alcyonium spongiosum Esper, 1829
Species Alcyonium studeri (J.S. Thomson, 1910)
Species Alcyonium submurale Ridley, 1883
Species Alcyonium variabile (J.S. Thomson, 1921)
Species Alcyonium varum McFadden & van Ofwegen, 2013
Species Alcyonium yepayek van Ofwegen, Häussermann & Försterra, 2007
Subgenus Alcyonium (Erythropodium) accepted as Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758
1. Species Alcyonium (Erythropodium) contortum Kükenthal, 1906 accepted as Briareum hamrum (Gohar, 1948) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
2. Species Alcyonium (Erythropodium) indicum (Thomson & Henderson, 1905) accepted as Paraminabea indica (Thomson & Henderson, 1905) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
3. Species Alcyonium (Erythropodium) salomonense Thomson & Mackinnon, 1910 accepted as Erythropodium salomonense Thomson & Mackinnon, 1910 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Subgenus Alcyonium (Metalcyonium) Pfeffer, 1889 accepted as Bellonella Gray, 1862 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
1. Species Alcyonium (Metalcyonium) capitata (Pfeffer, 1889) accepted as Bellonella capitata (Pfeffer, 1889) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
2. Species Alcyonium (Metalcyonium) clavatum (Pfeffer, 1889) accepted as Bellonella clavata (Pfeffer, 1889) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
3. Species Alcyonium (Metalcyonium) novarae Kükenthal, 1906 accepted as Alcyonium novarae Kükenthal, 1906 (original combination)
4. Species Alcyonium (Metalcyonium) patagonicum (May, 1899) accepted as Alcyonium patagonicum (May, 1899) (changed combination)
Species Alcyonium adriaticum Kükenthal, 1907 accepted as Alcyonium palmatum Pallas, 1766 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium agaricum Gmelin, 1791 accepted as Renilla reniformis (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium agaricum Stimpson, 1855 accepted as Sarcophyton agaricum (Stimpson, 1855) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium alburnum Pallas, 1766 accepted as Telesto alburnum (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium altum Tixier-Durivault, 1955 accepted as Nidaliopsis alta (Tixier-Durivault, 1955) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium amicorum Blainville accepted as Ammothea amicorum (Blainville) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym, original combination)
Species Alcyonium arboreum Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Paragorgia arborea (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium asbestinum Pallas, 1766 accepted as Briareum asbestinum (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium ascidioides Pallas, 1774 accepted as Distomus variolosus Gaertner, 1774 (junior synonym)
Species Alcyonium aurantiacum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 accepted as Kotatea aurantiaca (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium aurantium Pallas, 1766 accepted as Tethya aurantium (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium australe Macfadyen, 1936 accepted as Cladiella australis (Macfadyen, 1936) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium boletiforme Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Polymastia boletiformis (Lamarck, 1815) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium boletus Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Thorectandra boletus (Lamarck, 1815) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium brachyclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) accepted as Cladiella brachyclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > superseded combination, changed combination)
Species Alcyonium brachycladum (Ehrenberg, 1834) accepted as Alcyonium brachyclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) accepted as Cladiella brachyclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (variant spelling)
Species Alcyonium brioniense Kükenthal, 1907 accepted as Alcyonium acaule Marion, 1878 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium bulbosum Esper, 1794 accepted as Suberites domuncula (Olivi, 1792) (genus transfer & junior synonym)
Species Alcyonium bursa Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Codium bursa (Olivi) C.Agardh, 1817
Species Alcyonium caparti Tixier-Durivault, 1955 accepted as Complexum caparti (Tixier-Durivault, 1955) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium capitatum (Pfeffer, 1889) accepted as Bellonella capitata (Pfeffer, 1889) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium carneum Verrill, 1864 accepted as Gersemia rubiformis (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium ceylonicum Pratt, 1905 accepted as Cladiella ceylonica (Pratt, 1905) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium cidaris Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Geodia cidaris (Lamarck, 1815) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium clavatum (Pfeffer, 1889) accepted as Bellonella clavata (Pfeffer, 1889) (pre-occupied)
Species Alcyonium compactum Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Suberites domuncula (Olivi, 1792) (genus transfer & junior synonym)
Species Alcyonium complanatum Verseveldt, 1977 accepted as Skamnarium complanatum (Verseveldt, 1977) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium confertum Dana, 1846 accepted as Sclerophytum confertum (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium contortum Kükenthal, 1906 accepted as Briareum hamrum (Gohar, 1948) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium cotoneum Pallas, 1766 accepted as Geodia cydonium (Linnaeus, 1767) (nomen oblitum)
Species Alcyonium cranium Müller, 1776 accepted as Craniella cranium (Müller, 1776) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium cuspidiferum Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Cervicornia cuspidifera (Lamarck, 1815) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium cydonium Linnaeus, 1767 accepted as Geodia cydonium (Linnaeus, 1767) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium cylindricum Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Neopetrosia cylindrica (Lamarck, 1815) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium digitulatum Klunzinger, 1877 accepted as Cladiella digitulata (Klunzinger, 1877) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium distinctum Williams, 1988 accepted as Porphyrophyton distinctum (Williams, 1988) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium distortum Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Petrosia (Petrosia) ficiformis (Poiret, 1789) (genus transfer & junior synonym)
Species Alcyonium domuncula Olivi, 1792 accepted as Suberites domuncula (Olivi, 1792) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium echinatum Fleming, 1828 accepted as Hydractinia echinata (Fleming, 1828) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium echinatum Tixier-Durivault, 1970 accepted as Klyxum echinatum (Tixier-Durivault, 1970) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium elegantissimum May, 1899 accepted as Lobularia elegantissima (May, 1899) accepted as Cladiella elegantissima (May, 1899) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium ensiferum Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Homaxinella ensifera (Lamarck, 1815) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium epipatium Linné accepted as Alcyonium epipetrum Linnaeus, 1767 accepted as Veretillum cynomorium (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
Species Alcyonium epipetrum Linnaeus, 1767 accepted as Veretillum cynomorium (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium epiphytum Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Protosuberites epiphytum (Lamarck, 1815) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium equisetiforme Lüttschwager, 1922 accepted as Klyxum equisetiforme (Lüttschwager, 1922) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium fallax Lüttschwager, 1922 accepted as Tenerodus fallax (Lüttschwager, 1922) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium faura J.S. Thomson, 1910 accepted as Alcyonium fauri J.S. Thomson, 1910 (misspelling)
Species Alcyonium flabellum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 accepted as Paralemnalia flabella (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium flaccidum Tixier-Durivault, 1966 accepted as Klyxum flaccidum (Tixier-Durivault, 1966) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium flexibile Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 accepted as Sclerophytum flexibile (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium flexile Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 accepted as Sclerophytum flexibile (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
Species Alcyonium floridum Esper, 1791 accepted as Spongodes florida (Esper, 1791) accepted as Dendronephthya florida (Esper, 1791) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium fruticosum Sars, 1860 accepted as Gersemia fruticosa (Sars, 1860) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium fulvum (Forskål, 1775) accepted as Rhytisma fulvum (Forskål, 1775) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium fungiforme Tixier-Durivault, 1954 accepted as Alcyonium variabile (J.S. Thomson, 1921) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium gelatinosum sensu Pallas, 1766 accepted as Alcyonidium gelatinosum (Linnaeus, 1761) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium glaucum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 accepted as Sarcophyton glaucum (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium globosum Tixier-Durivault, 1955 accepted as Complexum globosum (Tixier-Durivault, 1955) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium globuliferum Klunzinger, 1877 accepted as Cladiella globulifera (Klunzinger, 1877) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium gracillimum Kükenthal, 1906 accepted as Scleronephthya gracillima (Kükenthal, 1906) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium grandiflorum (Tixier-Durivault & d'Hondt, 1974) accepted as Lateothela grandiflora (Tixier-Durivault & d'Hondt, 1974) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium granulatum Esper, 1829 accepted as Myrmekioderma granulatum (Esper, 1829) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium gruveli Tixier-Durivault, 1955 accepted as Complexum gruveli (Tixier-Durivault, 1955) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium gyrosum Klunzinger, 1877 accepted as Sclerophytum gyrosum (Klunzinger, 1877) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium imbricatum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 accepted as Capnella imbricata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium indicum (Thomson & Henderson, 1905) accepted as Paraminabea indica (Thomson & Henderson, 1905) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium khoisanianum Williams, 1988 accepted as Pieterfaurea khoisaniana (Williams, 1988) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium Klunzingeri Thomson & Simpson, 1909 accepted as Cladiella klunzingeri (Thomson & Simpson, 1909) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium krempfi Hickson, 1919 accepted as Cladiella krempfi (Hickson, 1919) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium kukenthali Nutting, 1912 accepted as Scleronephthya spiculosa (Kükenthal, 1906) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium laeve Tixier-Durivault, 1955 accepted as Nidaliopsis laeve (Tixier-Durivault, 1955) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium latum Dana, 1846 accepted as Sarcophyton latum (Dana, 1846) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium laxum Tixier-Durivault, 1955 accepted as Complexum laxum (Tixier-Durivault, 1955) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium legitimum Tixier-Durivault, 1970 accepted as Klyxum legitimum (Tixier-Durivault, 1970) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) accepted as Sclerophytum leptoclados (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium luetkeni (von Marenzeller, 1878) accepted as Eunephthya glomerata Verrill, 1869 accepted as Drifa glomerata (Verrill, 1869) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium luteum Tixier-Durivault, 1954 accepted as Alcyonium variabile (J.S. Thomson, 1921) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium lyncurium Linnaeus, 1767 accepted as Tethya aurantium (Pallas, 1766) (genus transfer and junior synonym)
Species Alcyonium macropodium Hickson & Hiles, 1900 accepted as Sclerophytum macropodium (Hickson & Hiles, 1900) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium mammillosum Ellis & Solander, 1786 accepted as Palythoa mammillosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (unaccepted > superseded combination, type species of genus Palythoa (Zoantharia))
Species Alcyonium manus sensu Esper, 1794 accepted as Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766) (genus transfer and junior synonym)
Species Alcyonium manusdiaboli Linnaeus, 1767 accepted as Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766) (genus transfer and junior synonym)
Species Alcyonium medullare Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Halichondria (Halichondria) panicea (Pallas, 1766) (genus transfer & junior synonym)
Species Alcyonium miniatum Tixier-Durivault, 1955 accepted as Complexum miniatum (Tixier-Durivault, 1955) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium molle Thomson & Dean, 1931 accepted as Klyxum molle (Thomson & Dean, 1931) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium monodi Tixier-Durivault, 1955 accepted as Complexum monodi (Tixier-Durivault, 1955) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium monticulum Verseveldt, 1982 accepted as Rhytisma monticulum (Verseveldt, 1982) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium moriferum (Tixier-Durivault, 1954) accepted as Parasphaerasclera morifera (Tixier-Durivault, 1954) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium multiflorum Verrill, 1879 accepted as Duva multiflora (Verrill, 1879) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium murale Dana, 1846 accepted as Lobophytum crassum von Marenzeller, 1886 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium mutabiliforme Williams, 1988 accepted as Dimorphophyton mutabiliforme (Williams, 1988) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium ocellatum Ellis & Solander, 1786 accepted as Palythoa ocellata (Ellis & Solander, 1786) accepted as Palythoa mammillosa (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (unaccepted > superseded combination, belongs to Zoantharia)
Species Alcyonium okinawanum Utinomi, 1976 accepted as Klyxum okinawanum (Utinomi, 1976) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium opuntioides Lamarck, 1815 accepted as Antho (Antho) opuntioides (Lamarck, 1815) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium pachyclados Klunzinger, 1877 (unaccepted, original combination)
Species Alcyonium paessleri May, 1899 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium paniceum (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium papillosum Lamarck, 1815 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium parasiticum Fleming, 1828 (unaccepted, basionym)
Species Alcyonium patulum Tixier-Durivault, 1955 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium pauciflorum (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium planiceps Williams, 1986 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium plexaureum Lamouroux, 1821 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium pobeguini Tixier-Durivault, 1955 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium polydactylum (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium pulmo Esper, 1791 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium purpureum Hickson, 1904 (unaccepted, pre-occupied)
Species Alcyonium purpureum Lamarck, 1815 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium pusillum Tixier-Durivault & Lafargue, 1966 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium putridosum Lamarck, 1815 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium pyrifera Delle Chiaje, 1828 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium ramosum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium rigidum Dana, 1846 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium roseum van Ofwegen, Häussermann & Försterra, 2007 (unaccepted, junior homonym of Alcyonium roseum Tixier-Durivault, 1954)
Species Alcyonium rotiferum J.S. Thomson, 1910 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium rotundum Thomson & Dean, 1931 (unaccepted, original combination)
Species Alcyonium rubiforme (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium rubistella Deichmann, 1936 (unaccepted, original combination)
Species Alcyonium rubrum Stokvis & van Ofwegen, 2006 (unaccepted, junior homonym of Alcyonium rubrum Müller, 1776)
Species Alcyonium rudyi Verseveldt & van Ofwegen, 1992 (unaccepted, original combination)
Species Alcyonium rutilum (Tixier-Durivault, 1954) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium sceptrum Lamarck, 1815 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium simplex Thomson & Dean, 1931 (unaccepted, original combination)
Species Alcyonium sphaerophorum (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted, changed combination)
Species Alcyonium strictum Tixier-Durivault, 1955 (unaccepted, original combination)
Species Alcyonium terminale Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 (unaccepted, original combination)
Species Alcyonium testudinarium Lamarck, 1815 (unaccepted, genus transfer)
Species Alcyonium tuberculosum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
Species Alcyonium tuberculosum Esper, 1791 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
Species Alcyonium tuberculosum Esper, 1805 (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium utinomii Verseveldt, 1971 (unaccepted, original combination)
Species Alcyonium valdiviae Kükenthal, 1906 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium verseveldti (Benayahu, 1982) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
Species Alcyonium vesparium Lamarck, 1815 (unaccepted, genus transfer)
Species Alcyonium violaceum Tixier-Durivault, 1955 (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
Species Alcyonium Wilsoni J.S. Thomson, 1921 (unaccepted, original combination)
Species Alcyonium bradleyi Verrill, 1869 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
Species Alcyonium ceicis Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1860 (uncertain)
Species Alcyonium exos Leuckart (uncertain > unassessed)
Species Alcyonium ficus Pallas, 1766 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Alcyonium ficus sensu Linnaeus, 1767 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Alcyonium flavum Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 (uncertain)
Species Alcyonium incrustans Esper, 1806 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Alcyonium junceum Lamarck, 1815 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Alcyonium laciniosum Esper, 1805 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
Species Alcyonium lobatum Pallas, 1766 (uncertain)
Species Alcyonium luteum Quoy & Gaimard, 1827 (uncertain, synonym)
Species Alcyonium lütkeni Verrill, 1879 (uncertain)
Species Alcyonium massa Müller, 1776 (uncertain)
Species Alcyonium molle (Burchardt, 1902) (uncertain > nomen dubium)
Species Alcyonium phalloides Lamarck, 1815 (uncertain)
Species Alcyonium repens Lamarck, 1815 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, unjustified emendation)
Species Alcyonium rubrum Müller, 1879 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, ?Alcyonium digitatum juvenile)
Species Alcyonium sarcophytoides Burchardt, 1902 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Alcyonium serpens Lamarck, 1815 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Alcyonium stellatum Gmelin, 1791 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
Species Alcyonium tomentosum (uncertain > taxon inquirendum)
Species Alcyonium trichanthinum Dana, 1846 (uncertain)
Species Alcyonium tubulosum Esper, 1791 (uncertain > nomen dubium)
Species Alcyonium viride Quoy & Gaimard, 1833 (uncertain)

Environment

marine, ~~brackish~~, ~~fresh~~, ~~terrestrial~~

Fossil range

recent only

Original description

Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 803 [details] Available for editors

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Type data

Note The genus name Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758 has...

Type species The genus name Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758 has been used by various authors for a wide range of sessile invertebrates (a.o. sponges, ascidians and algae). The name is fixed as an Octocoral genus name by subsequent designation of Alcyonium digitatum Linnaeus, 1758 as type species by Milne Edwards & Haime, 1850 (p. lxxvii). [details]

Taxonomic citation

WoRMS (2025). Alcyonium Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125284 on 2025-06-16

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

van Ofwegen, Leen

2005-02-07 12:58:14Z

changed

Vanden Berghe, Edward

2005-03-10 11:39:19Z

changed

Claus, Simon

2010-09-17 06:17:46Z

checked

van Ofwegen, Leen

2016-10-20 06:37:02Z

changed

van Soest, Rob W.M.

Licensing

The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License

[taxonomic tree]

Nomenclature

original description Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886
page(s): 803 [details] Available for editors

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original description (of Parerythropodium Kükenthal, 1916) Kükenthal, W. (1916). Die Gorgonarien Westindiens. Kap. 1, Die Scleraxonier; Kap. 2, Über den Venusfächer; Kap. 3, Die Gattung Xiphigorgia. Zoologische Jahrbucher. Suppl. 11: 443-504, plate 23., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/14178786
page(s): 461-464 [details]

original description (of Rhodophyton Gray, 1865) Gray, J.E. (1865). Notice on Rhodophyton, a new genus of Alcyoniidae, found on the coast of Cornwall. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 1865: 705-707., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/28497702 [details]

original description (of Pseudoalcyonium Tixier-Durivault & d'Hondt, 1974) Tixier-Durivault, A.; d'Hondt, M.J. (1974). Les octocoralliaires de la campagne Biacores. Bulletin de la Museum Nationale d'Histoire naturelle Paris, Ser. 3. 252: 1361-1433., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/57268683
page(s): 1376 [details]

original description (of Anthozoanthus Deshays M.S. in Carter, 1870) Carter, H.J. (1870). On Anthozoanthus parasiticus, Deshayes, M.S. (Algiers.). Annals and Magazine of Natural History. Ser. 4, 5(25-30): 449., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16355652 [details]

basis of record van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 104-105 (look up in IMIS) [details]

Taxonomy

taxonomy source Hartmeyer, R. (1916). Zur Deutung einiger Alcyonium-Arten. Sitzungsberichte der Gesellsch. naturf. Freunde, Berlin. 8: 245-259. [details]

taxonomy source Lüttschwager, H. (1915). Beitrage zu einer Revision der Familie Alcyoniidae. Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Abteilung A. 80(10): 1-42., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/12955834
page(s): 16-27 [details]

Other

additional source Verseveldt, J. (1971). Octocorallia from North-Western Madagascar (Part II). Zoologische Verhandelingen. 1-73, plates 1-15. [details]

additional source McFadden, C.S.; van Ofwegen, L.P. (2013). Molecular phylogenetic evidence supports a new family of octocorals and a new genus of Alcyoniidae (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Zookeys. 346: 59-83. [details]

additional source van Ofwegen, L.P.; Häussermann, V.; Försterra, G. (2006). A new genus of soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Clavulariidae) from Chile. Zootaxa. 1219, 47-57.
page(s): 47 [details]

additional source Williams, G.C. (2000). Two new genera of soft corals (Anthozoa: Alcyoniidae) from South Africa, with a discussion of diversity and endemism in the Southern African octocorallian fauna. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 52(6): 65-75.
page(s): 71 [details]

additional source Verseveldt, J.; Bayer, F. M. (1988). Revision of the genera Bellonella, Eleutherobia, Nidalia and Nidaliopsis (Octocorallia, Alcyoniidae and Nidalliidae), with descriptions of two new genera. Zoologische Verhandelingen. 245:1-131., available online at http://repository.naturalis.nl/document/149141
page(s): 3, 8, 10, 11 [details] Available for editors

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additional source McFadden, C.S.; van Ofwegen, L.P. (2017). Revisionary systematics of the endemic soft coral fauna (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Alcyoniina) of the Agulhas Bioregion, South Africa. Zootaxa. 4363(4): 451-488., available online at https://www.biotaxa.org/Zootaxa/article/view/zootaxa.4363.4.1
page(s): 460 [details] Available for editors

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additional source Bayer, F.M. (1961). The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands. 12:1-373, pls. 1-23., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/506065
page(s): 51 [details] Available for editors

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additional source McFadden, C. S.; Hochberg, F. (2003). Biology and taxonomy of encrusting alcyoniid soft corals in the northeastern Pacific Ocean with descriptions of two new genera (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia). Invertebrate Biology. 122(2): 93-113., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7410.2003.tb00076.x
page(s): 109, 111 [details] Available for editors

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additional source Grasshoff, M.; Alderslade, P. (1997). Gorgoniidae of Indo-Pacific reefs with descriptions of two new genera (Coelenterata: Octocorallia). Senckenbergiana Biologica. 77: 23–25.
page(s): 24 [details]

additional source Verseveldt, J. (1982). A revision of the genus Sarcophyton Lesson (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea). Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden. 192: 1-91, plates 1-24.
page(s): 5 [details]

additional source Williams, G.C. (1992). The Alcyonacea of southern Africa. Stoloniferous octocorals and soft corals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). Annals of the South African Museum. 100: 249-358., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41110040
page(s): 271 [details]

additional source Tixier-Durivault, A. (1958). Revision de la famille des Alcyoniidae: les genres Sarcophytum et Lobophytum. Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden. 36: 1-179.
page(s): 3, 4 [details]

additional source Tixier-Durivault, A. (1951). Revision de la famille des Alcyoniidae. Le genre Sinularia May, 1898. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Memoires. 2(40): 1-146.
page(s): 6, 7, 9, 12 [details]

additional source Williams, G.C. (1986). A new species of the octocorallian genus Alcyonium (Anthozoa: Alcyonacea) from southern Africa, with a revised diagnosis of the genus. Journal of Natural History. 20: 53-63.
page(s): 61; note: Emendation (re-diagnosis of genus) [details]

additional source Bayer, F.M. & K.M. Muzik. (1976). A new solitary octocoral, Taiaroa tauhou gen. et sp. nov. (Coelenterata: Protoalcyonaria) from New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 6(4): 499-515.
page(s): 512 [details] Available for editors

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additional source McMurrich, J. P. (1893). Report on the Actiniæ collected by the United States Fish Commission Steamer Albatross during the winter of 1887-1888. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 16(930): 119-216
page(s): 120 [details]

additional source Williams, G. C. (1997). Preliminary assessment of the phylogeny of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia), with a reevaluation of Ediacaran frond-like fossils, and a synopsis of the history of evolutionary thought regarding the sea pens. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 497-509
page(s): 504 [details]

additional source Megina, C.; Conradi, M.; Piraino, S. (2003). Biodiversity, life cycles, and reproductive biology of deep-sea cnidarians. Berichte zur Polarforschung, 470, 108-112
page(s): 110 [details]

additional source Fabricius, K.; Alderslade, P. (2001). Soft Corals and Sea Fans: A Comprehensive Guide to the Shallow-water Genera of the Central-West Pacific, the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. Australian Institute of Marine Science. Townsville. pp. 264.
page(s): 8, 86 [details]

additional source Williams, G. C. (1989). A review of recent research on the sublittoral coral reefs of northern Natal with a provisional assessment of findings regarding the distribution of octocorals on Two-Mile Reef, Sodwana Bay. South African Journal of Science, 85, 140-141
page(s): 140, 141 [details]

additional source Reinicke, G. B.; van Ofwegen, L. P. (1999). Soft corals (Alcyonacea: Octocorallia) from shallow water in the Chagos Archipelago: species assemblages and their distribution. Linnean Society Occasional Publications, 2, 67-85, plates 1-10
page(s): 70 [details]

additional source Benayahu, Y.; Yosief, T.; Schleyer, M. H. (2002). Soft corals (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea) of the southern Red Sea. Israel Journal of Zoology, 48, 273-283
page(s): 277 [details]

additional source McFadden, C. S.; Donahue, R.; Hadland, B. K.; Weston, R. (2001). A molecular phylogenetic analysis of reproductive trait evolution in the soft coral genus Alcyonium. Evolution, 55(1): 54-67
page(s): 54, 56-64 [details]

additional source Hwang, S. J.; Song, J. I. (2007). Reproductive biology and larval development of the temperate soft coral Dendronephthya gigantea (Alcyonacea: Nephtheidae). Marine Biology, 152, 273-284
page(s): 273, 274 [details]

additional source McFadden, C. S.; Aydin, K. Y. (1996). Spatial autocorrelation analysis of small-scale genetic structure in a clonal soft coral with limited larval dispersal. Marine Biology, 126, 215-224
page(s): 215, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222 [details]

additional source McFadden, C. S.; Hutchinson, M. B. (2004). Molecular evidence for the hybrid origin of species in the soft coral genus Alcyonium (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Octocorallia). Molecular Ecology, 13, 1495-1505
page(s): 1495, 1496, 1497, 1498, 1499, 1500, 1501, 1502, 1503 [details]

additional source McFadden, C. S. (1991). A comparative demographic analysis of clonal reproduction in a temperate soft coral. Ecology, 72(5): 1849-1866
page(s): 1850, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, 1856, 1857, 1858, 1859, 1860, 1861, 1862, 1963, 1864 [details]

additional source Williams, G. C. (1989). A provisional annotated list of octocorallian coelenterates occurring on the sublittoral coral reefs at Sodwana Bay and Kosi Bay, northern Natal, with a key to the genera. South African Journal of Science, 85, 141-144
page(s): 142 [details]

additional source Bastidas, C.; Fabricius, K.; Willis, B. L. (2004). Demographic aspects of the soft coral Sinularia flexibilis leading to local dominance on coral reefs. Hydrobiologia, 530/531, 433-441
page(s): 440 [details]