original descriptionSladen, W.P. (1889). Report on the Asteroidea. <em>Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873–1876. Zoology.</em> 30 (part 51): xlii + 893 pages, 118 plates., available online athttp://www.19thcenturyscience.org/HMSC/HMSC-Reports/Zool-51/README.htm[details]
additional sourceClark, A. M. (1993). An index of names of recent Asteroidea, part 2: Valvatida. <em>In: Jangoux, M.; Lawrence, J.M. (Ed.) (1996). Echinoderm Studies.</em> 4: 187-366. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional sourceClark, A. M.; Downey, M. E. (1992). Starfishes of the Atlantic. <i>Chapman & Hall Identification Guides</i>, 3. Chapman & Hall. London, UK. ISBN 0-412-43280-3. xxvi, 794 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details]