RAS taxon details
Primnoella Gray, 1858
125322 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:125322)
accepted
Genus
- Species Primnoella antarctica Kükenthal, 1907
- Species Primnoella australasiae (Gray, 1849)
- Species Primnoella distans Studer, 1878
- Species Primnoella scotiae Thomson & Ritchie, 1906
- Species Primnoella gracilis Molander, 1929 accepted as Arntzia gracilis (Molander, 1929) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
- Species Primnoella kukenthali Gravier, 1913 accepted as Ophidiogorgia kuekenthali (Gravier, 1913) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
- Species Primnoella vanhoeffeni Kükenthal, 1909 accepted as Convexella magelhaenica (Studer, 1879) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
- Species Primnoella vanhoffen Kükenthal, 1909 accepted as Primnoella vanhoeffeni Kükenthal, 1909 accepted as Convexella magelhaenica (Studer, 1879) (unaccepted > misspelling - incorrect subsequent spelling)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Gray, J.E. (1857). Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 25 (1): 278-294., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32451423
page(s): 286 [details]
page(s): 286 [details]
McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Samimi-Namin, K.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2025). World List of Octocorallia. Primnoella Gray, 1858. Accessed through: RAS (Eds.) (2025) Register of Antarctic Species at: https://ras.biodiversity.aq/aphia.php/www.pfeil-verlag.de/04biol/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125322 on 2026-09-02
RAS (Eds.) (2026). Register of Antarctic Species. Primnoella Gray, 1858. Accessed at: https://ras.biodiversity.aq/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=125322 on 2026-09-02
Date
action
by
2006-09-27 07:06:07Z
changed
Martinez, Olga
2009-07-16 06:29:22Z
changed
db_admin
original description
Gray, J.E. (1857). Synopsis of the families and genera of axiferous zoophytes or barked corals. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 25 (1): 278-294., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32451423
page(s): 286 [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 104-105 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1949). Chalcogorgiinae, a new subfamily of Chrysogorgiidae (Coelenterata: Alcyonaria), and a description of Chalcogorgia pellucida, new genus and new species, from the Straits of Florida. <em>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences.</em> 39(7): 237-240.
page(s): 240 [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1952). Two new species of Arthrogorgia (Gorgonacea: Primnoidae) from the Aleutian Islands region. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 65, 63-69, plate 2
page(s): 69 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1982). Some new and old species of the primnoid genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the related genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). <em>Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 95(1): 116–160.
page(s): 117, 118 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1996). New primnoid gorgonians (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from antarctic waters. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 58(2): 511-530.
page(s): 530 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M.; Stefani, J. (1989). Primnoidae (Gorgonacea) de Nouvelle-Calédonie. <em>Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.</em> (4) 10 (3):449–518, 1 fig., 42 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58722240
page(s): 452 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F.M. (1961). The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. <em>Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands.</em> 12:1-373, pls. 1-23., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/506065
page(s): 294 [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D. & F.M. Bayer. (2005). A review of the genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 77(2), 225-256.
page(s): 225 [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D. & F.M. Bayer. (2009). A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria:Octocorallia). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington DC (USA).</em> 629:1-79. (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629 [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors
additional source Hickson, S.J. (1915). Some Alcyonaria and a Stylaster from the west coast of North America. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1915: 541-557, plate 1., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31547564
page(s): 554 [details]
additional source Kükenthal, W. (1924). Coelenterata: Gorgonaria. in: Das Tierreich (Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen). 47. 478 pp.
page(s): 279-281 [details] Available for editors
additional source López-González, P.J.; Gili, J.-M.; Orejas, C. (2002). A new primnoid genus (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Southern Ocean. <em>Scientia Marina.</em> 66(4): 383-397., available online at https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2002.66n4383
page(s): 383, 384, 394, 395, 396 [details]
additional source Neave, S.A. (1939 - 1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus. vol. 1-10 Online., available online at https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/126539/about [details]
additional source Orejas, C.; Gili, J.; López-González, P. J.; Hasemann, C.; Arntz, W. E. (2007). Reproduction patterns of four Antarctic octocorals in the Weddell Sea: an inter-specific, shape, and latitudinal comparison. Marine Biology, 150, 551-563
page(s): 558 [details]
additional source van Ofwegen, L.P.; Häussermann, V.; Försterra, G. (2006). A new genus of soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Clavulariidae) from Chile. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 1219, 47-57., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1219.1.2
page(s): 56 [details]
additional source Versluys, J. (1906). Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. II. Die Primnoidae. Siboga Expeditie, Monograph, Leiden XIIIa (livr. xxvii): 1-187, figs. 1-178, pls. 1-10, map. (i-1906)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6296503
page(s): 48-51 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1992). The Alcyonacea of southern Africa. Gorgonian octocorals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). <em>Annals of the South African Museum.</em> 101(8): 181-296, Fig. 1., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40683324
page(s): 276, 288, 291 [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1992). Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. <em>Biol. J. Linn. Soc.</em> 46: 351-401. [details] Available for editors
page(s): 286 [details]
context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]
basis of record van Ofwegen, L.; Grasshoff, M.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia (excl. Pennatulacea), <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 104-105 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1949). Chalcogorgiinae, a new subfamily of Chrysogorgiidae (Coelenterata: Alcyonaria), and a description of Chalcogorgia pellucida, new genus and new species, from the Straits of Florida. <em>Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences.</em> 39(7): 237-240.
page(s): 240 [details]
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1952). Two new species of Arthrogorgia (Gorgonacea: Primnoidae) from the Aleutian Islands region. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 65, 63-69, plate 2
page(s): 69 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1982). Some new and old species of the primnoid genus Callogorgia Gray, with a revalidation of the related genus Fanellia Gray (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). <em>Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 95(1): 116–160.
page(s): 117, 118 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M. (1996). New primnoid gorgonians (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) from antarctic waters. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 58(2): 511-530.
page(s): 530 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F. M.; Stefani, J. (1989). Primnoidae (Gorgonacea) de Nouvelle-Calédonie. <em>Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat.</em> (4) 10 (3):449–518, 1 fig., 42 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/58722240
page(s): 452 [details] Available for editors
additional source Bayer, F.M. (1961). The shallow-water Octocorallia of the West Indian region. A manual for marine biologists. <em>Studies on the Fauna of Curacao and Other Caribbean Islands.</em> 12:1-373, pls. 1-23., available online at https://repository.naturalis.nl/pub/506065
page(s): 294 [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D. & F.M. Bayer. (2005). A review of the genus Primnoa (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea: Primnoidae), with the description of two new species. <em>Bulletin of Marine Science.</em> 77(2), 225-256.
page(s): 225 [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D. & F.M. Bayer. (2009). A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria:Octocorallia). <em>Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington DC (USA).</em> 629:1-79. (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.629 [details] Available for editors
additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V. Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> :59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors
additional source Hickson, S.J. (1915). Some Alcyonaria and a Stylaster from the west coast of North America. <em>Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London.</em> 1915: 541-557, plate 1., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/31547564
page(s): 554 [details]
additional source Kükenthal, W. (1924). Coelenterata: Gorgonaria. in: Das Tierreich (Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen). 47. 478 pp.
page(s): 279-281 [details] Available for editors
additional source López-González, P.J.; Gili, J.-M.; Orejas, C. (2002). A new primnoid genus (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Southern Ocean. <em>Scientia Marina.</em> 66(4): 383-397., available online at https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2002.66n4383
page(s): 383, 384, 394, 395, 396 [details]
additional source Neave, S.A. (1939 - 1996). Nomenclator Zoologicus. vol. 1-10 Online., available online at https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/126539/about [details]
additional source Orejas, C.; Gili, J.; López-González, P. J.; Hasemann, C.; Arntz, W. E. (2007). Reproduction patterns of four Antarctic octocorals in the Weddell Sea: an inter-specific, shape, and latitudinal comparison. Marine Biology, 150, 551-563
page(s): 558 [details]
additional source van Ofwegen, L.P.; Häussermann, V.; Försterra, G. (2006). A new genus of soft coral (Octocorallia: Alcyonacea: Clavulariidae) from Chile. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 1219, 47-57., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1219.1.2
page(s): 56 [details]
additional source Versluys, J. (1906). Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. II. Die Primnoidae. Siboga Expeditie, Monograph, Leiden XIIIa (livr. xxvii): 1-187, figs. 1-178, pls. 1-10, map. (i-1906)., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6296503
page(s): 48-51 [details]
additional source Williams, G. C. (1992). The Alcyonacea of southern Africa. Gorgonian octocorals (Coelenterata, Anthozoa). <em>Annals of the South African Museum.</em> 101(8): 181-296, Fig. 1., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/40683324
page(s): 276, 288, 291 [details]
additional source Williams, G.C. (1992). Biogeography of the octocorallian coelenterate fauna of southern Africa. <em>Biol. J. Linn. Soc.</em> 46: 351-401. [details] Available for editors
Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
